On the other hand, the diminishing oxygen concentration theory 
is not without possible fault either. Now that the earth as a whole 
is better covered with weather stations and climatic "cycles" are 
becoming better known, it is doubtful if in recent centuries the 
northern hemisphere could everywhere be below normal in temperature. 
Actually, cold areas are usually separated by areas of normal or 
above normal temperatures. The famous "year without a summer," 1816, 
observed in New England was part of the cold decade, 1811-20, which 
affected not only New England but Western Europe, including England. 
I have seen no data to indicate if the North Atlantic was also 
(37) 
cold. 
Biological Interpretation of 09 and cut Turnover Rates: 
Marine animals are distributed at all depths in the ocean. Since 
bottom animals must have a source of organic matter to survive and 
the only known source of organic matter is in the surface layers, 
there must be a continuous filtration of organic matter down to the 
bottom. Biologists have not been able to measure this change in 
terms of the loss of essential nutrients from the surface layers. 
If the rate of oxygen consumption in the deep water is about 
0.01 cc per liter per year, it would take about 500 years to exhaust 
the oxygen. If this oxygen consumption rate is correct, it means 
that the rate of metabolism in the deep water is 1/500ths of the rate 
of metabolism in the surface water. Analytical chemical methods are 
not developed sufficiently to measure the biologically active materials 
to the order of magnitude required to bear this out. 
However, if the organic matter is being formed at the surface, 
it too is contributing to the carbon cycle. The oxygen consumption 
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