aa 
Puture report after they have been mapped and studied in the con- 
uation of field work. | 
It is believed, furthermore, that the deposits’ ‘of western Cape 
Cod were formed during the waning and recession of the ice of the 
Wisconsin stage and that the moraines-are, therefore, recessional 
morainese The presence of hundreds ‘of kettle-holes, many of them now 
dccupied by ponds, that range up to a mile or more in length and 
width, throughout the south central part ‘of the Cape makes. this 
conclusion inescapable. They were formed because myriads ‘of ice= 
blocks isolated from the retreating glacier stood in those locali-~ 
ties, were covered by outwash and then melted away. Thus they show 
that considerable volumes of ice existed far south of the moraine 
fronts on the northern’part of the Capee The terminal’ moraine of the 
Wisconsin ice must have formed south of the moraines on Cape Cod,and 
is probably represented ‘by’ the morainic ridges of Martha's eee 
ard Nantucket, as described by Woodworth and fesclsone (7) and 
otherse ; hee 
’ : ve at natn ss : ict al a 
' Wisconsin Terminal Moraine 
in brief outline, the story of the formation of Cape Cod during 
the Pleistocene, based on corclusions from ‘this study and on those 
of earlier investigators, is as follows: (See Fig. 3). 
The ice of at least one earlier glacial episode’ of the Pleis- 
tocene” reached this region and «spread deposits which were modified 
and almost complete ly concealed by the advance of ‘later ice sheets. 
During Wisconsin time glacial ice extended’ southward from 
northern New England, moved over what is now the Cape’and reached a 
termiral position .on Nantucket, Martha's Vineyard, and Long Island. 
The margin of this ice sheet was_ pronouncedly lobates One lobe 
stretched southwestward down what is now the Buzzards Bay trough, and 
another spread southward across the floor of Cape Cod Bay which was 
tren dry land because ‘of the lowered sealevel. According to-J.B. 
Woodworth (7), a third lobe extended southeastward over the floor of 
what is row the eastern part of Massachusetts Bay and stood east ‘of 
Provincetown and Chathame The terminal moraine marking the maximum 
spread of this ice was built along a sinuous line loopéd from Nan- 
tucket to Martha's Vineyard to Block Island to Montauk Point at the 
east end of Long Islands A broad outwash plain was formed as 4 
fringe alorg the south side of this ‘moraine. Later the lower parts 
of the moraine’ and much of the associated outwash deposits, bot 
north ahd south of it, were. drowned when the sealevel rose again, but 
the higher portion may be observed on these islands» 
Recéssional Moraines and Outwash Plains 
“The ice frort retreated many miles northward in response to 
changes in the climate and its lobate form doubtless became more 
marked. Masses of stagnant ice were left standing at many places in 
the uncoveréd areas Much of the record of the easternmost lobe has 
been obli terated by the rise of sealevel, but the other two lobes 
