temperatures can lead to marked local changes in 

 CO2 content. (14) 



CARBON DIOXIDE EXCESS . In diving CO2 excess is a 

 possibility wherever carbon dioxide absorbing can- 

 isters are used or where, because apparatus design 

 does not reduce apparatus deadspace, some carbon 

 dioxide is re-inhaled. The chief symptoms, which 

 furnish ample warning to trained men, are increased 

 effort of breathing, a sense of breathlessness and 

 headache. Unheeded warning may result in exhaus- 

 tion and unconsciousness. The incidence is low. 

 Assuming that the design of the apparatus is ade- 

 quate for the purpose for which it is used, preven- 

 tion is accomplished by using fresh soda lime with 

 each dive, correct canister loading, and care in 

 keeping the soda lime dry. (37) 



CARBON >K)NOXIDE POISONING. 



In diving this type of 



accident usually occurs as a result of contamina- 

 tion of the diver's air supply by exhaust gases 

 from an internal combustion engine. (37) 



CARIBBEAN CURRENT . An ocean current flowing west- 

 ward through the Caribbean Sea. It is formed by 

 the comingling of part of the waters of the NORTH 

 EQUATORIAL CURRENT with those of the GUIANA CURRENT. 

 It flows through the Caribbean Sea as a strong cur- 

 rent and continues with increased speed through the 

 Yucatan Channel; there it bends sharply to the 

 right and flows eastward with great speed out 

 through the Straits of Florida to form the FLORIDA 

 CURRENT. (24) 



CAROTENOIDS . The yellow or orange pigments of the 

 plant cell, found in the plastids. (18) 



CARPOGONIUM . The flask-shaped egg-bearing portion 

 of the female reproductive branch in some thallo- 

 phytes (as the red algae) in which fertilization 

 occurs and which usually terminates in an elongate 

 jfeceptive trichogyne. (20) 



CAMPOS PORE . A diploid spore of a red alga that is 

 produced terminally by a GONIMOBLAST that germinates 

 to produce the diploid TETRASPORIC plant. (20) 



CASK BUOY . A buoy in the shape of a cask. (17) 



CATAMARAN . A twin-hulled ship. 



CATHODE . 1. The more noble electrode of a corro- 

 sion cell where the action of the corrosion current 

 reduces or eliminates corrosion. (35) 



2. The electrode in a vacuum tube which 

 provides electron emission. (36) 



CATHODIC PROTECTION . A means of reducing or elim- 

 inating the corrosion of a metal by means of making 

 current flow to it from a solution such as, by con- 

 necting the metal to the negative pole of some 

 source of current. The source of this current may 

 be another metal, such as zinc, magnesium, or alu- 

 minum and the current may be derived from a rec- 

 tifier, generator or battery applied through an 

 appropriate anode which may be consumed by the ap- 

 plied current, as in' the case of steel, or remain 

 substantially unaffected by the current, as in the 

 case of graphite or platinum. (35) 



CAT'S PAW . A light breeze affecting a small area, 

 such as would cause a patch of ripples on the sur- 

 face of a still water surface. (24) 



CAUSTIC. In refraction of waves, the name given 

 to the curve to which adjacent orthogonals of waves, 

 refracted by a bottom whose contour lines are 

 curved, are tangents. The occurrence of a caustic 

 always marks a region of crossed orthogonals and 

 high wave convergence. (11) 



CAUSWAY . A raised road, across wet or marshy 

 ground or across water. (11) 



CAVITATION . Sonically induced cavitation in a 

 liquid is the formation, growth, and collapse of 

 gaseous and vapor bubbles due to the action of 

 Intense sound waves. (1) 



CAVITATION NOISE . Cavitation noise is the noise 

 produced in a liquid by the collapse of bubbles 

 that have been created by CAVITATION. (19) 



CAY . See KEY. 



CB. U. S. Navy ship designation for a Large Cruiser. 



CBASF . Current Bibliography for Aquatic Sciences 

 and Fisheries (UNESCO) . 



CBI . Chesapeake Bay Institute. 



CBO. Conference of Baltic Oceanographers . 



CC. U. S. Navy designation for a Command Ship. 

 CC. Caribbean Commission. 



ceo. Coordinating Committee on Oceanography. 



CCOFI. California Cooperative Oceanographic 

 Fisheries Investigation. 



CCTA . Commission for Technical Cooperation in 

 Africa. 



CCTA/CSA . Commission de Cooperation Technique en 

 Afrique au Sud du Sahara; conseil Scientifique 

 pour L' afrique au Sud du Sahara. 



CELESTIAL LONGITUDE . See LONGITUDE. 



CELESTIAL MECHANICS . The study of the theory of 

 the motions of celestial bodies under the influence 

 of gravitational fields. (31) 



CELLULOSE . The carbohydrate forming the wall of 

 plant cells; also in the mantle of tunicates . (19) 



CENTER. ACOUSTIC . See EFFECTIVE ACOUSTIC CENTER. 



CENTER OF BUOYANCY . The center of buoyancy is the 

 center of gravity of the displaced water or the 

 location of the upward or buoyant force. It is the 

 geometric center of volume of the displaced water. 

 The center of buoyancy should not be confused with 

 the center of gravity of the immersed or floating 

 body. The center of gravity is the effective cen- 

 ter of all the weights in a ship. The total weight 

 acts downward on the ship as if it were concen- 

 trated at the center of gravity. (33) 



CERC . Coastal Engineering Research Center (for- 

 merly Beach Erosion Board) . 



CERMET (CERAMAL) . A material or body consisting of 

 ceramic particles bonded with a metal. According 

 to the American Society Testing Materials the 

 ceramic phase must be present in 157. or more of the 

 body. A ceramic foam or porous ceramic is not a 

 cermet because the bonding of the ceramic structure 

 is not dependent on or due to the metal. 



CEROF. Committee on Effects of Atomic Radiation 

 on Oceanography and Fisheries . 



CG. U. S. Navy ship designation for a Guided 

 Missile Cruiser. 



CGC . U. S. Coast Guard designation for a Coast 

 Guard Cutter. 



CGOU . U. S. Coast Guard designation for a Coast 

 Guard Oceanographic Unit. 



CGS . Coast and Geodetic Survey. 

 CGRS. Central Gyro Reference System. 



21 



