CINCPACFLT. Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet 

 (USN) . 



CIPP . Counseil Indo-Pacif ique des Peches . 



CIRA . Commission for the International Reference 

 of the Atmosphere. 



CIRCULARLY POLARIZED SOUND WAVE . A circularly 

 polarized sound wave is a special case of an 

 elliptical sound wave, in which case the two major 

 axes of the ellipse are identical . (9) 



CIRROCUMULUS . 



High clouds (mean lower level above 



20,000 feet) composed of small white flakes or of 

 very small globular masses, usually without shadows, 

 which are arranged in groups or lines, or more 

 often in ripples resembling those of sand on the 

 seashore. Cirrocuraulus is composed of ice crys- 

 tals. (17) 



CIRROSTRATUS . Thin, whitish, high clouds (mean 

 lower level above 20,000 feet) sometimes covering 

 the sky completely and giving it a milky appearance 

 and at other times presenting, more or less dis- 

 tinctly, a formation like a tangled web. These 

 clouds often produce halos around the sun and moon 

 but do not blur their outlines. Cirrostratus is 

 composed of ice crystals. (17) 



CIRRUS . Detached high clouds (mean lower level 

 above 20,000 feet) of delicate and fibrous appear- 

 ance, without shading, generally white in color, 

 and often of a silky appearance. Cirrus appears 

 in the most varied forms, such as isolated tufts, 

 lines drawn across a blue sky, branching feather- 

 like plumes, curved lines ending in tufts, etc. 

 It is often arranged in parallel bands which cross 

 the sky in great circles and appear to converge 

 toward a point on the horizon, Cirrus is always 

 composed of ice crystals. Cirrus proceeding from 

 cumulonimbus, and composed of the debris of the 

 upper frozen parts of the cloud, is called false 

 cirrus. If in the form of a cap or hood it may be 

 called a cap cloud. A scarf cloud is a thin cirrus- 

 like cloud sometimes observed above a developing 

 cumulus. (17) 



CIRRUS . A small, slender, and usually flexible 

 structure or appendage (such as that found in many 

 marine worms). (19) 



CIVIL DAY . A mean solar day commencing at midnight. 

 (14) 



CIVIL TIME . Time in which the day begins at mid- 

 night as distinguished from the former ASTRONOMICAL 

 TIME in which the day began at noon. (14) 



CL. 



U. S. Navy ship designation for a Light Cruiser. 



CLAA . U. S. Navy ship designation for a Anti- 

 Aircraft Light Cruiser. 



CLAMSHELL SNAPPER . There are several sizes of 

 clamshell snappers for taking small disturbed sedi- 

 ment samples. The largest of those presently in 

 use aboard Navy survey ships is about 30 in. long 

 and weighs about 60 lbs. It is ruggedly con- 

 structed of stainless steel. The cast stainless 

 steel snapper jaws are closed by a heavy arm ac- 

 tuated by a strong spring and lead weight. In the 

 open position a foot device extends below the jaws 

 so that it strikes the bottom first. The impact 

 moves the arms up releasing the jaws which snap 

 shut trapping about a pint of bottom material. The 

 snapper is equipped with a tailfin and may be 

 lowered from the oceanographic winch. (35) 



CLAPOTIS . 



The French equivalent for a type of 



STANDING WAVE. 



2. In American usage it is usually 

 associated with the standing wave phenomenon caused 



by the reflection of a wave train from a breakwater, 

 bulkhead, or steep beach. (11) 



CLARKE BATHYPHOTOMETER . The submerged unit of the 

 Clarke bathyphotometer consists of a photomulti- 

 plier tube and a depth-sensing element. The deck 

 unit contains a high-voltage power supply, depth 

 indicator, and a vacuum tube microammeter . Other 

 necessary equipment includes an oscillograph am- 

 plifier, a recorder on which flashes from bio- 

 luminescent organisms (down to 3750 meters) can be 

 recorded, and a calibration unit. This unit has 

 been used to depths as great as 800 meters. The 

 spectral sensitivity is 3200 - 6500 A, with a maxi- 

 mum at 4800 A. It is capable of receiving illumi- 

 nation as low as lO"^''- gm cal/cm /min (Clarke and 

 Wertheim, 1956), or recording radiation from full 

 sunlight down to a value of about 10"'/, w/cm'^. (35) 



CLARKE-BUMPUS PLANKTON SAMPLER . Principle features 

 are: a brass tube five inches in diameter and six 

 inches long; a straining sleeve of silk bolting 

 cloth attached to the tube by means of a ring with 

 a bayonet-type lock, and a collecting bucket at 

 the cod end; a propeller mounted in the tube, 

 geared to a counter which registers the number of 

 revolutions, and with calibration, the volume of 

 water sampled; and two vanes, one on each side of 

 the tube, which assist in holding the tube in a 

 horizontal position. This apparatus may be opened 

 or closed at desired depths by means of a messen- 

 ger-actuated trigger. 



The sampler is equipped with a flow meter so 

 that quantitative plankton investigations can be 

 made. An impeller is geared to the meter so that 

 the number of revolutions made by the impeller is 

 recorded by the counter. From the reading, the 

 volume of water which has passed through the sampler 

 can be determined. This quantity of water filtered 

 by the sampler per revolution of the impeller is 

 determined by calibrating the meter, either in a 

 laboratory equipped with flume tanks or in the 

 field. As a result of many calibrations, an ap- 

 proximate rating of 4 liters per revolution has 

 been found to be satisfactory for all instruments 

 whose impellers spin freely when blown on by the 

 operator. 



The sampler is equipped with a shutter; this 

 is opened or closed by means of a specially shaped 

 messenger which travels along the wire to which 

 the sampler is attached. When the shutter is in 

 the open position, water passes through the flow 

 meter causing the impeller to spin and on through 

 the net thus filtering out zooplankton and phyto- 

 plankton. The impeller stops spinning when the 

 shutter is closed by a second messenger. Thus, a 

 sample can be taken at a desired depth by means of 

 this sampler without contamination from plankton 

 in the overlying water strata. 



The Clarke-Bumpus sampler is therefore unique 

 in that an uncontaminated sample can be taken from 

 any desired depth, and an estimate of the filtered 

 volume of sea water can be determined. 



This sampler designed to be towed horizontally 

 from a wire kept as nearly vertical as possible (by 

 means of a weight attached to the lower end), is 

 limited to the collection of net plankton; macro- 

 plankton are able to avoid capture because of the 

 small opening in the tube. It will not sample 

 efficiently at high speeds (10 to 15 knots) or over 

 long distances; nor will it withstand the added 

 stresses of such speeds. (35) 



CLAY . Fine grained sediments jith particle size 

 smaller than approximately 0.00008 inch (0.004 

 millimeter) . When not separately designated on a 

 bottom sediment chart, clay is classed as mud. (16) 



CLC . U. S. Navy designation for a Tactical Com- 

 mand Ship. 



CLG. U. S. Navy ship designation for a Guided 

 Missile Light Cruiser. 



23 



