observations made from a moving craft, the effect 

 increasing with higher latitude and greater speed 

 of the object. (17) 



CORIOLIS FORCE . An apparent force on moving par- 

 ticles in a non-inertial coordinate system, i.e. 

 the coriolis acceleration as seen in this (rela- 

 tive) system. Such a force is required if Newton's 

 laws are to be applied in this system. 



In meteorology the coriolis force per unit 

 mass arises solely from the earth's rotation, and 

 is equal to -2nx V, where n is the angular 

 velocity of the earth, and V is the (relative) 

 velocity of the particle. Thus the coriolis force 

 acts as a "deflecting force", normal to the velocity, 

 to the right of motion in the northern hemisphere 

 and to the left in southern hemisphere. It cannot 

 alter the speed of the particle. The three com- 

 ponents toward east, north and zenith are, respect- 

 ively, 2 n (v sin (jj - w cos4i),-2n u sin <|j , 



and 2 n u cos 4>, where u, v, w are the component 

 velocities and <t> the latitude. 



Since the coriolis force is in effect propor- 

 tional to the speed, its importance duration of the 

 motion. (24) 



A night land breeze prevailing from 



COROMELL . _ _ ^ 



November to May at La Paz, near' the southern ex- 

 tremity of the Gulf of California. (17) 



CORROS ION ■ The destruction of a metal or alloy by 

 chemical or electrochemical reaction with its en- 

 vironment. In ordinary marine environment, this 

 reaction is electrochemical. (35) 



CORROSION FATIGUE . The phenomenon in which a 

 metallic structure subjected to the action of a 

 corrosive environment and to repeated or alternat- 

 ing stresses, fails due to the development of a 

 crack which increases in size as a function of 

 time. (35) 



CORROSION RATE . The rate which a metal or alloy 

 is removed because of corrosion. This may be ex- 

 pressed in terms of loss in weight or loss of 

 thickness in a given period of time. 



(Corrosion rates in terms of thickness change 

 refer to the loss of metal from one side onlv) . 

 (35) ^' 



COTIDAL HOUR 

 moon's trans 

 the time of 

 This interva 

 lunar time, 

 the same as 

 VJhen express 

 Greenwich hi, 

 factor 0.966 



The average interval between the 

 it over the meridian of Greenwich and 

 the following high water at any place. 

 il may be expressed either in solar or 



When expressed in solar time, it is 

 the Greenwich high-water interval, 

 ed in lunar time, it is equal to the 

 gh-water interval multiplied by the 

 (14) 



COTIDAL LINE . A line on a map or chart passing 

 through places having the same COTIDAL HOUR. (14) 



COULOMB DAMPING (DRY FRICTION DAMPING) . Coulomb 

 damping is the dissipation of energy that occurs 

 when a particle in a vibrating system is resisted 

 by a force whose magnitude is a constant indepen- 

 dent of displacement and velocity, and whose direc- 

 tion is opposite to the direction of the velocity 

 of the particle. (2) 



view their marine environment through two large 

 windows. A hydraulically controlled arm and a 

 specimen catch basket attached to the vehicle allow 

 the crew to collect rock, vegetation, and some sea 

 animals . 



COVE . A small sheltered recess in a shore or 

 coast, often inside a larger embayment . (11) 



COWSHEE . See KAUS . 



CPIEM. Counseil Permanent International pour 



L' Exploration de la Mer 



CPM. 



Critical Path Method (PERT) . 



CPR. Committee on Polar Research of the National 

 Academy of Sciences - National Research Council. 



CRACK . A fracture or narrow unnavigable rift in 

 sea ice. A tide crack is one parallel to the shore, 

 caused by the vertical movement of the water due to 

 tides. A hinge or weight crack is one parallel and 

 adjacent to a pressure ridge. A strain or tension 

 crack is caused by stretching of the ice beyond 

 its elastic limit. A torsion crack is produced 

 by twisting of the ice beyond its elastic limit. 

 A shear crack is caused by two different, simul- 

 taneous forces acting in parallel but opposite 

 directions on adjacent portions of the ice. A con- 

 cussion or shock crack is produced by the impact 

 of one ice cake upon another. (17) 



CRANE ROPE . See WIRE ROPE, 



CREEP . The strain of a material subjected to pro- 

 longed constant stress or load for a specified 

 time in a Creep Test or a Stress Rupture Test. 

 Creep behavior is often presented in the form of 

 graphs. The simplest graph is a plot of strain 

 vs. log of time. For metals, strain may be either 

 total measured strain, or where total strain is 

 of the same order of magnitude as elastic strain, 

 net strain due to plastic deformation only. This 

 net strain is determined by obtaining the strain 

 corresponding to the specified constant stress 

 on the Stress-Strain Diagram for the specified 

 temperature and subtracting it from total measured 

 strain. For plastics, strain may be either total 

 measured strain, in which case the graph also in- 

 dicates strain of the corresponding control speci- 

 men, or net strain due to Creep only. This net 

 strain is obtained by subtracting corresponding 

 control specimen strain from total measured strain. 

 A log-log plot is often preferred for plastics. 

 For vulcanized rubber, total measured deformation 

 (mm) is plotted against log of time (sec), and the 

 magnitude of elastic deformation is indicated by 

 drawing a tangent to the curve at 60 sec. From 

 these graphs. Creep of metals or plastics is the 

 total or net strain at the specified time, and 

 Creep of vulcanized rubber is the difference 

 between total deformation and 60 sec tangent defor- 

 mation at the specified time. Creep of vulcan- 

 ized rubber may also refer to the Yerzley Mechani- 

 cal Oscillograph Test where it is the vertical 



COUNTERCURRENT . A secondary current usually setting 

 in a direction opposite to that of a main current. 

 (14) 



COUSTEAU'S DIVING SAUCER . Captain Jacques -Yves 

 Cousteau's Diving Saucer, a research vehicle de- 

 signed to operate at depths as great as 1,000 feet, 

 weighs about 7,000 pounds, is approximately 10 feet 

 in diameter and 6 feet high, and is propelled at a 

 speed of about 1 knot by two water jets mounted on 

 its sides. It holds two crew members — a pilot 

 and an observer -- who lie in a prone position and 



Time - 



28 



