Flattened Strand Rope: A wire rope having non- 

 cylindrical strands, usually of the oval or triangu- 

 lar type; the center wire of each strand is an oval 

 or a triangular wire. 



Guy Rope: Glavanized rope consisting of 6 

 strands, 7 wires each, and a hemp core. 



Guy Strand: Glavanized 7-wire strand. 



Hand Rope: Flexible rope consisting of 6 ropes, 

 each composed of 6 strands, 7 wires each, and 7 

 hemp cores . 



Haulage Rope: Rope usually composed of 6 

 strands, 37 wires, and a hemp core, or 6 strands, 

 24 wires , and 7 hemp cores . 



Hawser: Wire rope usually consisting of 6 

 strands, 37 wires, and a hemp core, or 6 strands, 

 24 wires , and 7 hemp cores . 



Hoisting Rope: Rope consisting of 6 strands of 

 19 wires each, with a hemp center. 



Lang Lay Rope: Wire rope in which both the 

 wires in the strand and the strands in the rope 

 are twisted in the same direction. 



Lay: The pitch or angle of the helix of the 

 wires or strands of a rope, usually expressed by 

 the ratio of the diameter of the strand or rope 

 to the length required for one complete twist. 



Left-lay Rope: Wire rope, the strands of which 

 form a left-hand helix like a left-hand screw thread. 



Left Twist: Same as right lay, and corresponds 

 to a right-hand screw thread. 



Non-spinning Rope: A rope wire consisting of 

 18 strands of 7 wires each, in two layers; the 

 inner layer consists of 6 strands Lang lay and left 

 lay around a small hemp core, and the outer of 12 



strands regular lay, right-hand lay. Will carry a 

 load on a single end without untwisting. 



Regular Lay: Strands twisted to the right and 

 rope twisted to the left. Helix of strands takes 

 the direction of a right-hand screw thread. 



Reverse Laid Rope: A wire rope with alternate 

 strands right and left lay. 



Rheostat Rope: A small rope consisting of 8 

 strands of 7 wires each. 



Right Lay: Known also as regular lay; strands 

 twisted to the right and rope twisted to the left; 

 corresponds to a right-hand screw thread . 



Right Twist: Corresponds to left lay, or to a 

 left-hand screw thread . 



Running Rope: A flexible rope of 6 strands, 12 

 wires each, and 7 hemp cores. 



Special Flexible Hoisting Rope: A wire rope 

 consisting of 6 strands of 37 wires each, and a 

 hemp core. 



Standing Rope: Another term applied to galvan- 

 ized guy rope which consists of 6 strands, 7 wires, 

 and a hemp core. 



Towing Hawser: A large flexible wire rope made 

 of galvanized wires. Usual construction, 6 strands 

 of 37 wires each, or 6 strands of 24 wires each. 



Transmission Rope: Rope composed of 6 strands, 

 7 wires each, and a hemp core. 



WMO . World Meteorological Organization. 



WOO . World Oceanographic Organization. 



WRECK BUOY . A buoy marking the location of a wreck. 

 (17) 



XYZ 



XANTHOPHYLLS . Yellow or orange pigments, one of 

 the two chief groups of the CAROTENOIDS ; occur in 

 the plastids. (18) 



X-1 HYDROPHOTOMETER . A transistorized self-cali- 

 brating device used to measure light transmission 

 through a fixed distance in sea water. 



X-RAY . Artificial radiations similar to gamma 

 rays but less penetrating in nature, they are 

 produced by electronic means which excite elec- 

 trons near the nucleus of the atom. They have 

 been used in photographing opaque bodies, treat- 

 ing cancer, research, etc, (39) 



YAW . Oscillation of a ship about the vertical 

 axis. (12) 



from elastic behavior and thus exhibit a stress- 

 strain curve that it is necessary to define the 

 onset of plastic yielding in terms of yield 

 strength. Many steels exhibit a rather abrupt 

 yielding and may show an initial increase of 

 strain without any appreciable increase of stress 

 when yielding occurs. Such materials are said 

 to exhibit a yield point, the yield point being 

 defined as "the stress in a material at which 

 there occurs a marked increase in strain without 

 an Increase in stress." This definition of yield 

 point is that presented in the ASTM Standards and 

 forms the basis for yield-point specifications. 



YIELD STRENGTH . A measure of resistance to plastic 

 deformation of a material subjected to a specified 

 type of loading. The stress at which a material 

 exhibits a specified limiting permanent deformation. 

 A practical approximation of Elastic Limit. Yield 

 Strength is usually determined by one of two common 

 methods: "offset" or "strain under load". Offset 

 Yield Strength is determined from a Stress-Strain 

 Diagram; it is the stress corresponding to the 



YELLOW SUBSTANCE . Kalle (1938) has shown that in 

 sea water water soluble pigments of yellow color 

 are present. These pigments appear to be related 

 to the humic acid, but their chemical composition 

 has not been thoroughly examined, for which reason 

 Kalle calls them "yellow substance". This yellow 

 substance seems to occur in greatest abundance 

 in coastal aread, but Kalle has demonstrated its 

 presence in the open ocean as well and believes 

 that it represents a fairly stable metabolic product 

 related to the phytoplankton of the sea. The 

 selective absorption of this yellow substance may 

 then be responsible, in part, for the character of 

 the absorption in coastal water and for shift of 

 the land of minimum absorption would lower wave 

 length. (13) 



YIELD POINT . It is only for those materials that 

 with increasing stress show a gradual departure 



Yield Strength 



(0.5% extension under load} 



^--f-l-\ - Yield Strength 

 ' (0!% offset! 



02% 05% 



030 



