106 



NAUTICAL CHART MANUAL 



TERMINOLOGY OF SUBMARINE RELIEF 



Definitions of names to be applied to submarine relief, for such features as bank, reef, 

 shoal, etc., are included in this Manual (pages 118 to 128) and in tlie Hydrographic Manual. 



NAMES ON COMPILATIONS AND DRAWINGS 



The requirements for lettering names on the Drawings and Compilations are legibility, 

 proper location, correct size and spacing, and the use of single-stroke letters. Names are 

 lettered in red on Drawings, and on Compilations are lettered on an overlay. The names 

 should be placed in the exact location in which they are to appear on the printed chart. On 

 new charts and reconstructed charts, all type for names, title and notes should be in place 

 on the type overlay before the charts are submitted for reproduction. 



PLACEMENT OF NAMES (also see names of Dangers, pg. 65) 



Vertical lettering is used to name land features or fixed objects which extend above high 

 water. Slanting (italic) lettering is used for all names relating to water areas, underwater 

 features, or floating aids. Insofar as practicable, names of land features should be placed in 

 the land areas, and those of water features should be placed in the water areas. However, 

 the names must not obscure anchorage areas in small bays nor detailed hydrography in critical 

 areas. In such cases, the name of the water feature should be placed on an adjacent land 

 area. A name must not be placed along the axis of the deepest water, nor across a channel, 

 if it can be arranged otherwise. If possible, names should be so placed that they will appear 

 on the printed chart either entirely on a tinted area or entirely on an untinted area. Names 

 of cities should be located near the place named, but should interfere with other data on the 

 chart as little as possible. 



The name of a feature which covers a considerable area, such as an island or bay, should be 

 placed in the approximate center of the area, if possible, and should be curved to follow the 

 general configuration of the feature. Names of rivers and features of unusual length should 

 not be spread out, but should be spaced for easy reading and repeated if necessary. 



The preferred orientation of names is parallel to the bottom of the chart. When the axis 

 of a channel is practically straight, the name should be lettered on a line parallel thereto. The 

 name of a range should be parallel to the range line. 



CURVED NAMES 



In general, names not parallel with the bottom of the chart should be lettered on a curve so 

 as to read from the direction of the bottom of the chart. Such names should be near, and 

 point either to or from, the feature named. See diagram below. 



A curved name is read more easily if its beginning is approximataly parallel to the bottom 

 of the chart, but when this is impossible, it is desirable to have the curved effect at the end of the 

 name. Do not curve a name beyond the vertical. Sharp and reverse curves should be avoided. 



