8 



RECORDS OF OBSERVATIONS, SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY 



Navigation equipment . - Most of the navigation 

 equipment is in the pilothouse. In the after 

 port corner is a 3- z 4-l/2-ft. chart table with 

 drawers underneath in which most charts can be 

 stowed without folding. The standard compass is 

 an 8-in. liquid compass by Ritchie of Boston, 

 mounted in a standard binnacle aft of the deck- 

 house. A V-in. Ritchie compass mounted in the 

 pilothouse serves as steering compass. A hand 

 telegraph connects pilothouse and engine room. 

 Also in the pilothouse is the recording log, con- 

 nected to a small propeller mounted on the star- 

 board side of the hull near the stern, which in- 

 dicates on separate dials speed and distance tmr. 



There is an electric siren mounted on the 

 main masthead. A standard U.S. navy-type pelorus 

 with illuminated dial is mounted on the portside 

 of the companionway trunk. Also mounted on this 

 trunk is a radio direction-finder, a Bludworth 

 "Mariner" model with fixed loop. A sonic depth 

 finder. Submarine Signal Company "Fathometer" 

 model 710, is situated over the chart table in 

 the pilothouse. In this model the shoal-water 

 or visual-signal method is designed for depths 

 to 250 fathoms, and the acoustic method for 

 depths to 1000 fathoms. In actual practice 

 either method can be used for taking soundings 

 successfully in depths two or three times as 

 great, depending upon the nature of the sea bot- 

 tom and the condition of the sea. 



An ordinary short-wave radio receiving set in 

 the pilothouse, together with a single chronome- 

 ter, provides adequate timekeeping. A 100-watt 

 Sound Products radio-telephone installation in 

 the saloon provides communication with other ves- 

 sels so equipped, as well as with shore stations. 



Hydrographic winch . - The hydrographic winch 

 (fig. 7) was built in 1934 by Allan Cunningham 

 of Seattle for the "Scripps," and, salvaged from 

 the wreck in 1936, was rebuilt in 1937 for the 

 "E. U. Scripps." It originally had two drums — 

 one for hydrographic work and one for dredging — 

 but since a separate and more powerful winch was 

 obtained for the heavier work, the dredging sec- 

 tion of the old winch was removed. The drum is 

 of the double-cone friction type, the friction 

 being applied by means of a double-helix mechan- 

 ism operated by a hand lever. Braking is pro- 

 vided by an asbestos-lined brake band, also op- 

 erated by a hand lever. The drum carries 20,000 

 feet of 5/32 - in. , 7 x 7-construction, galvanized 

 plow-steel wire rope. The rope is laid evenly 

 in close layers on the drum by means of an auto- 

 matic spooling mechanism consisting of a carriage 

 fitted with two vertical rollers which guide the 

 wire. The rope is moved the length of this drum 

 along guides by means of a diamond screw driven 

 by gearing-and-sprocket chain from the drum. To 

 the carriage of the spooling mechanism is attached 

 a wire-metering device consisting of a sheave and 

 a recorder with four dials indicating 10 to 

 10,000 meters, respectively. 



The winch is driven by a reversing compoimd- 



wound Ueetinghouse motor (Type 33 SE) , rated at 

 5 HP and 1150 r.p.m. at 115 volts; however, with 

 the excess voltage obtainable from the generator 

 and by using outside cooling the actual maximum 

 continuous output is at least 7-1/2 HP and 1450 

 r.p.m. The motor is cooled by forced ventilation 

 from an electric blower attached to the motor 

 housing. The speed of the winch is regulated by 

 a special portable rheostat which controls the 

 generator-field voltage. This rheostat has over 

 60 control steps, special waterproof protection, 

 and 15 feet of heavy-duty extension' cord. When 

 the winch is used, the rheostat is attached to 

 the blower housing, where it is readily accessi- 

 ble to the operator. This motor can exert full 

 torque continuously at any speed from to 150 

 per cent of rated speed, and the rheostat gives 

 very fine speed control at any load and speed. 

 A starting and reversing switch is mounted on the 

 side of the companionway trunk directly behind 

 the operator. 



From the drum the wire rope leads between the 

 rollers of the spooling mechanism, under the me- 

 tering sheave, which is mounted immediately back 

 of the rollers, then through a sheave at the out- 

 er end of the starboard work boom and into the 

 water at a convenient distance from the working 

 platform. Between the boom and the sheave is an 

 accumulator consisting of a double-compression 

 spring which will sustain an outboard load of about 

 1500 lbs. before becoming totally compressed. The 

 wire rope has a tensile strength of about 2600 lbs. 



Dredging winch . - This winch (fig. 8) was built 

 by the Stephens Adamson Company of Los Angeles. 

 The drum carries 20,000 feet of 3/8-in. plow-steel 

 wire rope constructed of six 19-wire strands and a 

 wire-rope center. The breaking strength of this 

 rope is approximately 26,000 lbs. The winch is 

 powered with a totally enclosed Westinghouse 

 (Type 103 SK) 115-volt electric motor. This non- 

 reversing, compound-wound motor is rated at 15 HP 

 at a speed of 1150 r.p.m. The motor is connected 

 to a Ford-truck transmission having a clutch and 

 gearshift with four forward speeds ranging from 

 6.4:1 to 1:1 and one reverse speed. The speed is 

 further geared down through a 7:1 reducing-gear 

 box and is then transmitted by chain drive to the 

 drum with another reduction of 45:16. The drum 

 is equipped with a friction brake and a ratchet 

 gear with pawl. Brake and pawl are operated with 

 hand levers, and the clutch with a foot lever. In 

 addition to the gearshift the portable rheostat 

 described under "Hydrographic winch" controls the 

 motor speed. For starting and stopping the motor 

 a push-button switch is installed in a convenient 

 position. The wire rope is spooled and metered 

 by a device similar to that on the hydrographic 

 winch. From the spooling-metering device the 

 wire rope leads through a snatchblock on the main- 

 mast and then through a sheave slung by a heavy- 

 duty compression spring from the end of the port 

 working boom. On hauling in at normal motor speed 

 the wire speed can be varied by shifting gears 



