B. Direct investigation of meteorological parameters 

 1. Introduction 



¥e might divide the processes that depend on 

 meteorological parameters and affect the thermal structure 

 of the oceans into two classes: (1) the thermodynamic processes, 

 which have to do with the actual addition or subtraction of 

 heat from the ocean, and (2) the mixing processes, which cause 

 changes in the thermal structure due to some internal or 

 external force on the water column without changing the actual 

 heat content of the column. The dynamic processes, which are 

 those due to the three-dimensional distribution of motion in 

 the oceans and the forces involved, have been neglected in this 

 portion of the report, 



. 2, Thermodynamic processes: Radiation 

 a. Incoming radiation 



The most complete treatment of the energy exchange 

 between the atmosphere and the ocean has been given by Jacobs 

 (1914.2). Although this paper approached the problem from a 

 climatological viewpoint, the relationships are of such a nature 

 that, by knowing the values of the constants for a given area 

 and being able to predict the values of the meteorological 

 parameters involved, the total amount of heat gained or lost by 

 the ocean during a given period may be determined. It is then 

 necessary to translate this amount of heat into temperature 

 changes; here the problem is complicated by the fact that we are 

 interested not in the surface temperature change alone but in the 

 change at every depth, 



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