14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
Pale 
226 
236 
Kullenberg, B., 1935, INTERNAL WAVES IN THE 
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Skrifter, Ny Serie Hydrografi, XII 
(A.C.S.I.L, Translation #561), 
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STRUCTURE IN THE SEA, U.S. Navy Electronics 
Laboratory Report 937, 2 November 1959, 
Richardson, William S., 1958, MEASUREMENT 
OF THERMAL MICROSTRUCTURE, W.H.O.1. Refer- 
ence No. 58-1l. 
LaFond, E.C., 1961, THE ISOTHERM FOLLOWER 
Jour. of Mar. Research, Vol. 19, No. 1, 
pp. 33-39, March, 1961. 
Lee, Owen S., 1961, OBSERVATIONS ON 
INTERNAL WAVES IN SHALLOW WATER, Limnology 
and Oceanography, Vol. 6, No. 3, July 1961. 
Lee, O. S. and E. C. LaFond, 1961, ON 
SHORT-PERIOD CHANGES IN ISOTHERM DEPTHS IN 
SHALLOW WATER OFF SAN DIEGO (In press). 
LaFond, E. C., 1961, TWO-DIMENSIONAL 
OCEANOGRAPHY, BUSHIPS Journal (In press). 
LaFond, E. C., THE USE OF BATHYTHELMOGRAMS 
TC MEASURE OCEAN CURRENTS, Amer. Geoph. 
Union, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 231-237, 
April 1949. 
Ufford, C. W., 1947, INTERNAL WAVES 
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Gaul, Roy D., 1961, -INTERNAL WAVE OBSERVA- 
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181-192. 
FIGURES 
Figure 1 - Internal waves associated with a 
change in depth of a thermocline, 
(Waves are moving from right to left) 
Figure 2 - Sea surface appearance showing the 
probable formation of internal waves 
by tidal action between low-density 
discharge water and the Georgia 
Strait water (British Columbia 
Government Air Photo). 
Figure 3 - Thermistor beads and resistors 
mounted in plastic used for tempera- 
ture sensors. 
141 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
Figure 
4 = Sixteen-channel temperature recording 
unit. 
5 - Internal wave measurements from an 
anchored ship. 
6 ~ U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory's 
thermistor chain on USS MARYSVILLE 
(EPCER 857). 
7 - Isotherm follower assembly 
8 - Tnoree isotherm followers in operation 
from booms suspended out from the U. 
S. Navy Electronics Laboratory oceano- 
graphic research tower. 
9 - Sea unit of towed isotherm follower, 
10 ~ Depth of isotherm measured with 
isotherm follower off Mission Beach, 
California (summer, 1961). 
11 - Distribution of minute readings, 
over 7 consecutive days, of the 
depth of an isotherm in the thermo- 
cline, 
12 - Freouency distribution of internal 
wave heights over 2 feet (1958 and 
1959 data). 
13A = Operation area in San Diego Trough 
off Southern California. 
13B - Thermal structure of the sea as 
measured with the thermistor chain. 
13C - Depth to the top of the thermocline. 
13D — Maximum vertical temperature gra- 
dients in °C per fifty feet. 
13E - Roughness of the thermocline. 
14 - The nature of internal waves in 
deep ocean water. 
15 - Frequency distribution of internal 
wave periods over 2 minutes (for 
1958 and 1959 data). 
16 - Internal wave speed in 60~-foot. water 
from 674 observations using isotherm 
followers during the 1960 summer. 
17 = Internal wave direction in 60-foot 
water from 674 observations using 
three isotherm follower during the 
1960 summer. 
18 - Sea surface slicks near the USNEL 
Oceanographic Research Tower. 
Slicks are surface evidence of in- 
ternal waves below. 
19 = Relation between internal waves and 
sea surface slicks. Heavy bar at 
surface and vertical dashed lines 
represent the observed position of 
sea surface slicks with reference 
to thermal structure. 
