winch had been used previously by both Swedish and Danish ocean- 

 ographic survey vessels. (After unsuccessful attempts were made by 

 the Scripps Institution of Oceanography to purchase this type of gear 

 from Denmark, a similar winch was built from the GALATHEA 

 specifications and installed aboard the SIO Research Vessel, SPENCER 

 F. BAIRD. This winch was built by the Levern Manufacturing Company 

 of Los Angeles, California.) The GALATHEA installation, originally 

 designed for wire tapered from 12 to 22 millimeters in multiples of 

 two millimeters for the maximum length to strength relationship, also 

 provides for a capacity of 40,000 feet of one-half inch wire rope. 

 Lowering can be accomplished in one hour to 2,000 fathoms. 



The design of deep sea anchoring winches varies with each type of 

 ship. Experience has shown that for oceanographic work beyond the 

 Continental Shelf such winches should have adequate capacity for 

 mooring in depths of 1,000 fathoms or greater. 



C. OCEANOGRAPHIC SURVEY WINCHES 



The winches in this category include all the machinery for complet- 

 ing oceanographic casts aboard survey vessels and are composed 

 primarily of Wheeler (Philadelphia, Pa.) or Lakeshore (Iron Mountain, 

 Mich.) designs. Both types of winches are electrically powered with 

 440- volt, 3- phase, 60- cycle current but differ in methods of control: 

 The Lakeshore type has an eddy current coupler, and the Wheeler type 

 is hydraulically controlled. Any speed from zero to a maximum of 

 350 feet per minute is available on either unit. The capacity of each 

 winch is approximately 20,000 feet of 5/32 inch wire rope. Eight 

 Wheeler and four Lakeshore winches have been purchased and placed 

 aboard various U. S. Navy survey and auxilliary vessels. 



The oceanographic winches aboard these vessels are designed for 

 multi-purpose use, that is, for oceanographic casts, trawls, dredges, 

 bottom samplers, current meters, and special water samplers. They 

 are n over- designed" to provide adequate power for lowering and hoist- 

 ing all instruments used by the Hydrographic Office and, thus, are 

 functional but expensive ($20,000 each). 



The winches used by private institutions conducting oceanographic 

 research usually are designed for single purposes such as making 

 oceanographic casts and lowering multi- conductor instruments. As 

 a result, the winches are smaller and less expensive but do not 

 provide as wide a selection of operational uses as do the Navy units. 

 This trend toward specialization reduces the cost of individual winches, 

 but several winches are required to complete the tasks that can be 

 handled by one Navy winch. 



XVI- 2 



