TABLE 1. FREEZING POINT AND MAXIMUM DENSITY OF SEA WATER 



I believe it is possible to use the following formula for computing the freezing point of sea 

 water according to its salinity: 



T = -0.054 5 



9' 

 8 

 7 

 6 

 5 

 4 

 3 

 2 

 I 



O 







-1 



-2 

 -3 

 -4 

 -5 



5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 ^oo 

 SALINITY 



Figure 2. The freezing point of sea water, the 

 temperature of greatest density and 

 the temperature of density equal to 

 the density at the freezing point. 



From the graph shown in figure 2 it is evident that both temperatures decrease almost linearly with 

 an increase in salinity, in which case the temperature of maximum density decreases more rapidly 

 than the temperature of freezing. Consequently, the curves Intersect at a certain salinity. 



At the point of intersection, both temperatures are evidently equal. Determining the corre- 

 sponding salinity by the last condition, we get 



e = T = -1°.332; 



S =3 =24.695 o/oo; 



e T 



o- = CT =19.852 o/oo. 



e T 



From this it follows that a salinity of 24.695 o/oo is transitional In that at lower salinities, 

 the temperature of maximum density is higher than the freezing point, I.e. , we have the same phe- 

 nomena as for fresh water. Such waters are called briny. Only with salinities > 24.695 o/oo does 

 water take on the tjrplcal character of sea water; the freezing point In the sea (If we exclude super- 

 cooling), I.e., under natural conditions, is simultaneously the temperature of maximum density. 



13 



