TABLE 16. "SEVERNESS" OF WEATHER IN THE WESTERN SECTOR 

 OF THE ARCTIC IN 1939 



The latter is of the greatest practical interest also with respect to phenomena associated 

 with the passage of basic systems. Therefore, it is necessary to outline the phenomenon by exam- 

 ining the simplest aspect of it. 



Assume that a cyclone crosses the Kara Sea from west to east, following approximately the 

 direction of the parallels (latitude) . At all points located to the south of the line marked by the 

 center of the cyclone the winds shift clockwise, approximately from southwesterly directions, over 

 southerly and southwesterly, to westerly and northwesterly directions. The winds of the southern 

 half of the horizon are attended by a decreased air temperature, cloudiness, fog and precipitation, 

 which are especially typical before the warm front of a cyclone. In the rear of a cyclone, after the 

 passage of cold front in connection with the shift of winds to northwesterly and northerly, the 

 weather abruptly changes and the air temperature sharply drops. Thus, in July, for instance, the 

 wind blowing from easterly to southwesterly directions. Inclusive, in the Gugorskiy Shar area are 

 attended by positive deviations of air temperature from the mean valve with maximum deviation 

 occurring during southerly winds. 



The winds blowing from westerly to northeasterly directions are attended by negative devi- 

 ations with the maximum negative deviation during northerly winds. It stands to reason that the 

 directions of the winds, which create these deviations, depend on the land contours, and on the 

 presence and form of considerable water and ice areas in the vicinity. In any case, each passage 

 of one or the other of the basic systems across a given point creates the alternation of increased 

 and decreased air temperatures — peculiar warm and cold waves affecting the sea regime. 



In connection with a gradual decrease in daylight and solar radiation in autumn, as well as in 

 connection with a gradual cooling of adjacent sea and land areas, the warm and the cold waves be- 

 come colder. At the beginning of autumn, the air temperature in the warm sector of the cyclone 

 still remains higher than the water temperature. At the end of autumn, the temperature drops, so 

 that the cooling of the sea is not interrupted even with the passage of the warm sector of the cy- 

 clone, but is only somewhat retarded. 



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