Let us assume that in a certain point in the sea, a certain distribution of temperature and 

 salinity was observed at the beginning of winter cooling, which in the future changes exclusively due 

 to the release of heat to the atmosphere by the sea. 



Let us compute the mean temperatures and salinities between the surface of the sea and the 

 corresponding level, and note that for convective mixing to reach the given level, the specific vol- 

 ume of the upper layers mixed by convection must become equal to the specific volume at the given 

 level before the start of mixing. 



TABLE 23. ELEMENTS OF VERTICAL WINTER CIRCULATION. 



Table 23 gives the results of corresponding processing of the data chosen as an example. The 

 following notations are to be used in this table: 



Column 1. p is the depth in m. 



Colunrn 2. t ° is the temperature at the given level before the onset of mixing. 



Column 3. 5 is the salinity at the given level before mixing begins. 



Column 4. y^ is the actual specific volume at the given level. 



Column 5. t-^ is the mean temperature from the surface of the sea to the given level com- 

 puted by the general mixing formula: 



tm = 



SAp ' 



where t is the mean temperature between the levels before the start of mixing and Ajd is the dis- 

 tance between the levels in meters . 



Column 6. 5^ is the mean salinity from the surface of the sea to the given level, computed 

 by the same formula. 



Column 7. Sj is the salinity corresponding to the specific volume of the given level, and to 

 the freezing point. 



74 



