We submit figure 23 as an example; according to Nansen and Helland-Hansen the mean May 

 temperatures in the hydrological cross-sections of the Songe Fjord, the Lofoten Islands, and along 

 the Kola Meridian, and the area of the open water in the Barents Sea in May are shown here. From 

 the figure it is clearly evident that the rise and drops in temperature, noted on the Songe Fjord are 

 noticed after a year in the Lofoten Islands, and In the following year in the Kola Meridian and in the 

 iciaess of the Barents Sea. There were not sufficient further investigations at Songe Fjord and 

 Lofoten Islands cross-sections to be able to continue this comparison. In any event, by analyzing 

 the available data from the Songe Fjord cross-sections in May 1925 and 1929 and in August 1928 and 

 1932, Helland-Hansen notes that evidently in 1928, highly saline Atlantic water entered the Norwe- 

 gian Sea. In 1931 Mosby also detected water of increased salinity northeast of Spitzbergen. Ac- 

 cordingly, 2 to 3 years are evidently required for Atlantic waters to move from the Norwegian 

 coast to the northeast shores of Spitsbergen. 



M 



E 

 6 



-4 



-2 



Figure 23. (1) Mean May temperature cross sections 

 at Songe Fjord; (2) mean May temperature 

 cross sections at the Lofoten Islands; 

 (3) mean May temperature cross sections 

 along the Kola Meridian; (4) area of open 

 water in May in the Barents Sea . 



Developing Nansen's and Helland-Hansen' s ideas, I came to the conclusion, based on calcula- 

 tions of the velocities of the Nordkapp current, that the waters of this current require about 1 year 

 to reach the northern part of the Kara Sea. On the other hand, considering that the Nordkapp cur- 

 rent is only a branch of the main Spitsbergen currents, I assumed that at the moment the crest of 

 the thermal wave is noted off Murman, this same crest, travelling along the main Spitsbergen cur- 

 rent, should be located off the southern shores of Spitsbergen. The following year the crest should 

 be located in the region to the north of Spitsbergen, and the year after, it should appear in the 

 region between Franz Joseph Land and Sevemaya Zemlya. Thus, the temperature anomalies noted 

 along the Kola Meridian should be observed to the north of Mys Zhelanyia within a year, and in the 

 northern part of the Kara Sea in two or three years . 



Karakash and Somov further showed that the temperature anomalies observed along the Kola 

 Meridian are reflected in the iciness of the Laptev Sea in four years. 



Figures 24 and 25 according to Somov, show the distribution of temperature anomalies all 

 along the Kola Meridian in 1935 and 1937. 



But, anomalies of the temperatures of sea currents create corresponding anomalies in the 

 heat flux from the sea into the atmosphere. In particular, for the northern part of the Kara Sea we 

 must consider that the further north the positive temperature anomaly, the further north the paths 

 of cyclones pass. 



Figure 26 shows according to Somov, the dependence of the trajectories of cyclones on the 

 difference of the mean annual temperatures in the cross-section along the Kola Meridian. The 

 solid line shows the mean latitude of the cyclone trajectories in the northern part of the Kara Sea 

 for 1930 to 1938 (according to Drogaitsev) and for 1939 to 1940 (according to Somov). 



85 



