The first result of lard ice formation is the destruction of wind ripples on the surface of a 

 calm or agitated sea. Since ice formation does not begin evenly over the entire surface of the sea, 

 but rather as separate more or less rare spots, the sea surface assumes the appearance of moire. 



If the surface of the sea is very fresh, with further cooling and a sea completely at rest, its 

 entire surface is covered by a thin shiny rind called "bottle ice" or "ice rind" (figure 31). 



Figure 31. Bottle ice. 



It should be noted that essentially, bottle ice is a typical form of fresh ice. Because of this, 

 bottle ice at sea is observed in fresh water basins which form during the summer in the arctic on 

 ice fields (between old ice where the surface layer can be completely fresh when there is no wind) 

 and at the mouths of rivers. 



Such bottle ice is as transparent as glass, breaks easily into pieces, and when the ship 

 passes through it, it shatters with a characteristic crackling. 



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