somewhat opened from the pushing under of ice blocks. The hummocks from small ice blocks with 

 a height more than 2 m crossed some meters in all from the left side of the ship and approached 

 close to the stern. 



As a result of the pushing up under the ship, an ice cushion was formed not less than 2 m 

 thick. At the time of the ice heaping, the ship listed 5 to 7° to the left. 



Grordeev illustrates the occurrences (figure 93) from which it is seen that the ice fields re- 

 tire under neighboring fields at the port side of the ship from left to right and along the stern from 

 right to left. 



LINE OF UNDER- 

 THRUST ice"' 



WATER APPEARING 



ON THE SURFACE 



OF THE ICE 



ON THE LEFT 



COMPRESSED 



ICE 



Figure 93. Diagram of ice ridging around the Sedov on 

 2 and 3 January 1938. 



The ice thickness pushed under the Sedov, gradually increased in the course of the winter 

 and on 24 June 1938, divers were let down under the stern to examine the damage done to the 

 Sedov 's rudder by the jamming in January; it was noted that the thickness of the ice it had pushed 

 under the ship exceeded 10 m. 



Beside the ice jamming, the formation of ice steps appeared as a consequence of the move- 

 ment, the breakup, and the subsequent collision of the ice beams during the winter time. 



We already know that in the open sea, old ice beams appear at the centers of new ice forma- 

 tions. It is natural that after some time, with nice weather, flat young ice girdled by a strip of 



263 



