Om 



65 



30 



68%o' 



70 





's: n 



X 



7<f"^^' 



Figure 151. Temperature and salinity of a section along 79° north 

 latitude in the Kara Sea between Franz Joseph Land 

 and Vize Island. 



Figure 152 is an oceanolographic section which I have constructed according to preliminary 

 data obtained by the Sedov . From the drawing we see how during the Sedov 's drift toward the 

 north the temperature of the warm layer dropped, and during the drift to the south the temperature 



Returning to figure 150, on which the isotherms are drawn at intervals of 0. 5°, we see that in 

 an easterly direction the distance between isotherms is large, while in a southerly direction the 

 isotherms are close together. The same occurs also for all other depths and testifies to the fact 

 that the Atlantic water when passing over great depths cools considerably slower than when it rises 

 up onto the continental shelf. This fact will become still clearer if we take into consideration the 

 fact that as the warm layer rises up onto the shelf its thickness simultaneously decreases. The 

 cooling of the warm layer, of course, occurs basically in a vertical direction. 



Calculations made by Dobrovolski have shown that the quantity of heat which the warm layer 

 gives off in an upward direction, that is, in the final result into the atmosphere, amounts in all to 

 about 3 kg-cal per square cm per year. This value is extremely small in comparison with that for 

 example, in the Barents Sea between North Cape and the meridian of Kolski where every square cm 

 of sea surface gives off about 120 kg-cal per year. It must be emphasized, however, that the heat 



414 



