4. In addition to the ice circulation connected with the basic circulation of the Arctic Basin, 

 each sea has its own ice circulation in an approximately counter-clockwise direction. This is 

 demonstrated by the drift of the ship Tegettgof in 1872 to 1873 from Novaya Zemlya to Franz 

 Joseph Land in the Barents Sea, by the drift of the ships Dimfna and Varna in 1882 to 1883 in the 

 Kara Sea (figure 157), by the drift of the caravan of the icebreaker Lenin in 1937 to 1938 in the 

 southwestern part of the Laptev Sea, and by the drift of the steamship Chelyuskin in 1S33 to 1934 

 in the Chuckchee Sea (figure 158). 



Figure 157. Drift of the Dim/na. 



5. The ice exchange between neighboring seas is likewise demonstrated by drifts of certain 

 vessels. Thus, the ship Dimfna was carried by the ice out of the Kara Sea through the "Kara 

 Gates" into the Barents Sea. The ship Belgica in the summer of 1907 was carried out of the Kara 

 Sea from the straits of Matochkin Shar through the "Kara Gates" into the Barents Sea. The ice- 

 breaking steamship Soloue i-Bodimitouich in February 1920 was cajried from the Barents Sea 

 into the Kara Sea likewise through the "Kara Gates" (figure 159). In the summer of 1937 many 

 vessels, including the Sadko and a whole caravan of ships headed by the icebreaker Lenin, were 

 carried by the ice from the Kara Sea into the Laptev Sea. 



6. As may be seen from the drift of the station "North Pole" in 1937 to 1938 and that of the 

 Sedov in 1937 to 1940, there is an ice drift in a direction from the North Pole into the strait be- 

 tween Greenland and Spitzbergen. 



7 . According to the observations of Peary during his expedition from the North American 

 coast to the North Pole, the ice drift along the north coast of Greenland was also directed into 

 Greenland Sea. 



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