More specificity and standardization is 

 needed by the classification societies in 

 the vital areas pertaining to improved 

 safety, search and rescue. Safety standards 

 in areas of crew qualifications, operating 

 procedures, and emergency equipment, should 

 be developed by the user community to the 

 extent not encumbering innovation in design 

 and effective utilization of vehicles. 



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 



The author would like to thank the many 

 submersible builders, owners, and operators 

 world-wide, who furnished data on the 

 design and utilization of their vehicles; 

 and acknowledge the periodic inputs from 

 Mr. Frank Busby of R. F. Busby Associates. 

 I would also like to thank the NOAA, Manned 

 Undersea Science and Technology staff for 

 preparing the manuscript. 



REFERENCES 



(1) Vadus , J. R. International Review of 

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 Department of Commerce, NTIS , 5285 Port 

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 Order No, PB 246 428/7W0, 1975. 



(2) Lachmann, B. Submarine Support Vessel 

 (SSV) . Offshore Technology Confer- 

 ence. Paper No. OTC 2398. 1975. 



(3) Snegov, S. Underwater Activities 

 Relative to the Lunokhod. Vilnyus, 

 Sovetskaya Litva, September 4, 1975. 



(4) Messlervy, P.J. Vickers Submersible 

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 Brighton, England. 1975 



(5) Bland, E., of Woods Hole Oceanographlc 

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 February 1976. 



(6) Talkington, H. S elf-Help Rescue Capa- 

 bility for Submersibles. Naval 

 Undersea Center, San Diego. 1975. 



10 76-242/11 



(7) MTS Undersea Vehicles Safety Standards 

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 Shumaker, and H. Talkington. MTS 

 Office, 1730 M Street, N. W. , Wash- 

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(8) Safety and Operational Guidelines for 

 Undersea Vehicles, Books I and II. 

 Publisher: Marine Technology Society 

 (NTS), 1730 M Street, N. W. , Wash- 

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(9) Busby, R. F. Manned Submersibles. 

 Office of the Oceanographer of the 

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 Government Printing Office, Wash- 

 ington, D. C. 1976. 



(10) Boylan, L. Underwater Activities 

 in the Soviet Union. Informatics, 

 Inc., Rockville, Maryland. 1975. 



Also, Library of Congress Report, 

 Soviet Ocean Activities: A Preliminary 

 Survey, prepared for U.S. Senate 

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(11) Henson, G. S., Vickers Oceanics Ltd., 

 Seminar Heriot-Watt University, 

 Scotland. 1973. 



