DESIGN DETAILS 



3-15 



attaching these items is the self-tapping screw. The only requirement for most of these 

 fittings is that the laminate be thick enough to retain the screw. In the case of windows, 

 the fastenings should be designed so that the window will withstand the same loadings as 

 the area to which it is attached. This is particularly important where shell ports are used. 



THROUGH BOLTS 



ANNULAR METAL PI NG 

 FOP WASHER ACT I ON 



STANDARD RUDDER 



STUFFING BOX AND BEARING 



LOCAL RE I NF OR CEMENT 



LOCAL RE I NFORCEMENT 

 FOR BOLTING, 



BASI C HULL 

 LAMI NATE 



STRAP Rl VETEO 

 TO RUDDER 



THROUGH BOLTS AND 

 WASHERS ON GUOGEON 



a. SPADE RUDDER - ORDINARY SKEG RUDDER SIMILAR 



t). SMALL SAILBOAT- GUOGEON AND PINTLE 



Fig. 3-42, Rudder Connections 



STUFFING TUBE - INSTALLATION 

 SIMILAR TO SPADE RUDDER 



Fig. 3-43. Rudder Attachment for 

 Large Cruising Sailboat 



MECHANICAL FASTENERS 



In designing connections utilizing mechanical fasteners, it is necessary to provide 

 adequate strength to prevent failure of the fastener or the laminate retaining the fasteners. 

 Through bolts and threaded fasteners, sometimes used with a bonding adhesive, are the 

 most commonly used with reinforced plastics. The selection of the type of fastener to be 

 used depends on the load, laminate strength and thickness, location in the boat hull, 

 desired appearance of the finished hull, and ease of disassembly when necessary. 



Bolted Connections 



For bolted connections, several types of laminate failures may occur before the full 

 strength of the bolt is attained. These failures are tearing from the bolt hole to the edge 

 of the laminate, tearing the laminate along the line of the bolt holes and shearing a plug 

 between the bolt hole and the edge of the laminate. Laminate failures may be avoided by 

 using the proper spacing of bolts, both with respect to each other and with respect to the 

 edge and side of the laminate. The dimensions used are defined in Fig. 3-44. 



