THOMAS] NORTH Carolina's policy toward the Indians 027 



natives or concede in any manner tlieir claims to the lands, yet, as we 

 have seen, the "instructions" to Governor Berkeley indicate consider- 

 able oi)i)ositiou to the indiscriminate individual purchases. Ou the 

 other hand, the same Lords Proprietors seemed to be content with 

 allowing these individual transactions, provided the land was first 

 obtained from them. In "An Answer to certine Demands and Pro- 

 posealls made by severall Gentlemen'' of Barbadoes they say in reply to 

 the third request: "To the 3d demand wee eouseut that the Governor 

 and Counsell shal be amply and fully impon'ered from us to graunte 

 such proportions of land to all that shall come to plant in quantity 

 and according to the Methhood and under that acknowledgement and 

 noe more, as in our declarations and proposealls is set forth for which 

 they may contract and compound with the Indians; if they see fltt." 



It would seem from this that the Indian title was considered of little 

 importance by the Lords Proprietors. However, it is a slight acknowl- 

 edgment of that title, but its extinguishment was left to the indi- 

 vidual grantees — an ill-advised policy, which, as has been shown, pre- 

 vailed to some extent in "Sew York during the early history of that 

 colony. 



The following clauses in the "Fundamental Oonstitutions,"' drawn 

 up by John Locke, are the only ones therein bearing on this subject: 



oOtli. The grand couucil, etc., shall have power ... to make peace and war, 

 leagues, treaties, etc., with any of the neighbour Indians. 



112th. No person whatever shall hold, or claim any land in Carolina liy purchase, 

 or gift, or otherwise from the natives or any other whatsoever; but merely from 

 and under the I^ords Proprietors, upon pain of forfeiture of all his estate, moveable 

 or immoveable, and perjjetual banishment. 



But the "Fundamental Constitutions" were in truth a dead letter 

 from the first. Although adopted in 1G69 they were never practically 

 in force. 



It may be added here that Graffenried, in his manuscript account 

 of the incidents attending the settlement of his colony at Newbern, 

 asserts that he paid the Indians for the lands where he first settled, on 

 which i^ewbern was built. 



For forty years subsequent to the date given above the records of 

 Xorth Carolina, so far as the subject now under consideration is 

 concerned, present a complete blank. In fact, as Doyle (" English 

 Colonies in America") has truly remarked, "For the next forty years 

 the annals of Xorth Carolina became more meager than those of any 

 [other one] of our American colonies.'' 



In 1711 the bloody Indian war broke out, which, but for the timely 

 aid of South Carolina, would have resulted in the destruction of the 

 northern settlement. This was carried ou chiefiy by the Tuskarora, 

 who, at this time, as it is stated, numbered 1,L!00 warriors, the other 

 neighboring tribes having migrated or dwindled, through contact with 

 civilization, until they were no longer a source of alarm to the colonists. 

 The real cause of this outbreak does not appear to be clearly stated — 

 that mentioned by Graffenried not furnishing a full explanation. 



