632 INDIAN LAND CESSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES [eth ann. 18 



Tlie dark blot on South Carolina's Indian history is her encourage- 

 ment of Indian enslavement. On this point it is sufficient to (juote the 

 following remarks by Uoyle,' which are based on the report of Governor 

 Johnson, made to the proprietors in 1708. 



In another way, too, the settlers had placed a weapon in the hands of their ene- 

 mies. The Spaniards were but little to bo dreaded, unless strengthened by an Indian 

 alliance. The English colonists themselves increased this danger by too faithfnl an 

 imitation of Spanish usages. In both the other C(donies with which we have dealt, 

 the troubles with the Indians were mostly due to those collisions which must 

 inevitably occur between civilized and savage races. But from the first settlement 

 of Carolina the colony was tainted with a vice which imperiled its relations with 

 the Indians. . . . In Virginia and Maryland there are but few traces of any attempt 

 to enslave the Indians. In Carolina the negro nmst always have been the cheai)er, 

 more docile, an<l more efficient instrument, and in time the African race furnished 

 the whole supply of servile labor. But in the early days of the colony the negro 

 had no such monopoly of suffering. The Indian was kidnapijed and sold, sometimes 

 to work on what had once been his own soil, sometimes to end his days as an exile 

 and bondsman in the AVest Indies. As late as 1708 the native population furnished 

 a quarter of the whole body of slaves. 



We are informed by Logan ^ that "as early as 1707 the exciting 

 abuses of the trade, the rapid profits of which had allured into the 

 Indian nations many irrespon.sible men of the most despicable charac- 

 ter, induced the i^assage of an act by the assembly by which a board 

 of commissioners was instituted to manage and direct everything relat- 

 ing to the traffic with the Indians, and all traders were compelled, 

 under heavy jienalties, to take out a license as their authority in Ihe 

 nation." 



The same act, which furnishes some important items of history, pro- 

 vides further: 



Whereas, the greater number of those persons that trade among the Indians in 

 amity with this government, do generally lead loose, vicious lives, to the scandal of 

 the Christian religion, and do likewise oppress tlie people among whom they live, 

 by their unjust and illegal actions, which, if not prevented, may in time tend to the 

 destruction of this province; therefore, be it enacted, that after the first day of 

 October next, every trader that shall live and deal with any Indians, except the 

 Itawans, Sewecs, Santees, Stonoes, Kiawas, Knssoes, Edistoes, and St. Helenas, for 

 the purpose of trading in furs, skins, slaves, or any other commodity, shall first have 

 a license under the baud and seal of the Commissioners hereafter to be named; for 

 whieli he shall pay the public receiver the full sum of eight pounds current money. 

 The license shall continue in force one year and no longer, and he shall give a 

 surety of one hundred pounds currency.' 



On November 25 of the same year an act was passed to limit the 

 bounds of the " Yamasse settlement," to prevent persons from disturb- 

 ing them with their stock, and to remove such as are settled within the 

 limitations mentioned. But these Indians, together with other tribes, 

 having engaged in 1715 in bloody war with the colonists, were at length 

 completely conquered and the remnant driven from the province. Hav- 

 ing deserted their lands and forfeited their right to them, these by act 



> Euglish Colonies in America, vol. I, p. 359. ' Ilistory of Upper South Carolina, p. 170. 



^Ibid., pp. 170-171. 



