320 • Marine Minerals: Exploring Our New Ocean Frontier 



Offshore Titanium Heavy Minerals Production 

 Scenario 

 Approach to a Framework for Evaluation 

 Component Costs for Heavy Mineral Sands 



Mining and Processing 

 Ore Grades for Break-Even Production from 



Offshore 

 Ore Grade Requirements: Revised Basis and 

 Approach 

 References 

 Tables 

 Figures 

 Appendix 



Processing Considerations for Chromite 



Heavy Mineral Placers 



Arlington Technical Services 

 4 Old Colony Lane 

 Arlington, MA 02174 



W.W. Harvey and F.C. Brown 



Table of Contents 



Preliminary Notes 



Synopsis of U.S. Chromium Industry 

 Mining and Processing of the Black Sands 

 Production Potential of Offshore Chromite Placers 



Costs for a Southwest Oregon Beach Sands Placer 



Costs for an Offshore Chromite Heavy Mineral 

 Placer 



Effect of New Technologies 



References 



Tables 



Figures 



Offshore Phosphorite Deposits: 



Processing and Related Considerations 



Arlington Technical Services 

 4 Old Colony Lane 

 Arlington, MA 02174 



W.W. Harvey and F.C. Brown 



Table of Contents 



Background and Perspectives 



Initial Perspectives 



Onshore/Offshore Comparisons 



Development Incentives 



Past Commercial Activities 

 Qualitative Economic Considerations 



Broad Cost Comparison 



Cost Offset Via Higher Ore Values 



Phosphorite Placer Development 



Prior Engineering/Economic Studies 



References 



Tables 



Figures 



Polymetallic Sulfides and Oxides of 



the U.S. EEZ: Metallurgical Extraction 



and Related Aspects of Possible 



Future Development 



Arlington Technical Services 

 4 Old Colony Lane 

 Arlington, MA 02174 



W.W. Harvey 



Table of Contents 



Foreword 

 Recent Literature 

 Polymetallic Sulfides 



Subsea Occurrences 



Terrestrial Deposits 



Processing Technologies 



Tables and Figures, Section II 

 Oxide Nodules and Crusts 



Broad Intercomparisons 



Major Processing and Marketing Issues 



Recent Process-Related Studies 



Figures, Section III 

 References 

 Appendix 



Data Management in a National Program 



of Exploration and Development 



of the U.S. EEZ 



Richard C. Vetter 

 4779 North 33rd Street 

 Arlington, VA 22207 



Table of Contents 



Introduction 



Conclusions, Problem Areas, and Recommendations 

 Examination of Limiting Factors 

 Is Technology Limiting? 

 Is Understanding of Wise Data Management 



Concepts Limiting? 

 Is Infrastructure Lacking? 

 Is Funding Limiting? 

 The Present Situation and the Near Future 

 Federal Agencies 



Department of Commerce/National Oceanic 

 and Atmospheric Administration 



