346 • Marine Minerals: Expioring Our New Ocean Frontier 



comparison with manned submersibles: 146-148 



costs: 148-149 



Deep Tow: 149 



instrumentation: 146 



Jason Junior: 1 5 1 



needed technical developments: 151-152 



Solo: 149 



towed vehicles: 149-150 



types: 146 

 Republic of South Africa: 41, 85, 87, 91, 94, 102, 175 

 rift zone: 43, 63 



S.P. Lee: 116-117, 245 



sampling technologies: 12, 154-162 



characteristics of: 154-155 



crust sampling: 158-160 



placer sampling: 154-158 



polymetallic sulfide sampling: 160-162 



representative sampling: 154-155 

 sand and gravel (see mineral occurrences, general): 



demand and technological trends: 1 1 1 



domestic production: 111 



domestic resources and reserves: 111 



seabed mining ventures: 199 

 Sandy Hook Marine Laboratory: 231 

 satellites: 22 

 schist: 57 

 Scotian Shelf: 45 

 Scripps Institution of Oceanography: 26, 131, 132, 140, 



263 

 Sea Beam: 122, 123, 126-128, 131, 268, 276 

 Sea Cliff: 245 

 Sea Grant: 215, 227, 229, 231, 257 



data collection: 257 



New York studies: 215, 227, 229, 231 

 seabed mining: 



competitiveness: 15, 16, 17, 19, 167 



economic potential: 8, 17 



legislation: 23, 28, 30, 31 



technology: 10, 15, 17, 181, 182 



world: 39 

 SeaMARC systems: 122-124, 128, 132 

 seamounts: 42, 72, 74 

 seasonal environmental effects: 224, 226 

 sedimentary rocks: 45, 57, 58, 67 

 seismic reflection: 17, 22, 118, 132-136 



chirp signals 



profiles: 47, 56 



sub-bottom profilers: 133 



three-dimensional seismic surveying: 135 

 seismic refraction: 118, 132-136 

 self-potential: 141 

 shallow water environmental effects: 218, 226, 227-236 



dredges and: 233-234 



ICES: 228 



minimizing effects: 232-233 

 Shell Oil Co.: 200 



ships. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: 

 131 



Surveyor: 131, 268, 270 



Discoverer: 131 



Davidson: 131, 271 

 side-looking sonars: 17, 116, 119-124 



Deep Tow: 124, 149 



GLORIA atlas: 122 



GLORIA: 116, 119-123, 128, 131 



Interferometric systems: 123 



long-range side-looking sonar: 116, 119-122 



mid-range side-looking sonar: 118-119 



Mini-Image Processing System: 119 



SeaMARC systems: 122-124, 128, 132 



short-range side-looking sonar: 118-119, 124 



Systeme Acoustique Remorque: 124 

 Sierra Leone: 104, 171 

 silt curtain: 235-236 

 site-specific technologies: 139-162 

 SLEUTH: 143-144 



solution/borehole mining technology: 183 

 Sound Ocean Systems: 162 

 Southwest Africa: 169 

 sphalerite: 63 



spontaneous polarization: 141 

 spreading centers, seafloor: 3, 41, 63, 64 

 State-Federal Task Forces: 34, 291 

 State-owned or State-controlled minerals companies: 14, 



86 

 State resource management: 281 



strategic and critical minerals: 9, 88, 94, 96, 98, 101, 102 

 Strategic Assessment Branch, NOAA: 218, 219, 257 



atlases: 221, 257 

 Strategic Petroleum Reserve/Brine Disposal Program: 262 

 Stillwater Complex: 92, 103 

 Stillwater Mining Co.: 103 

 subduction zone: 3, 41, 57 

 Submerged Lands Act of 1953: 4 

 submersibles, manned: 18, 145-152 



advantages and limitations: 146-148 



Alvin: 145, 148, 151, 152, 161 



and hard mineral exploration: 151 



battery-powered: 145 



capabilities: 149-151 



comparison with remotely operated vehicles: 146-148 



costs: 148-149 



free-swimming: 145 



Johnson-Sea-Link: 148 



needed technical developments: 151-152 

 superalloys: 88, 91, 96 



surface environmental effects: 215, 222, 226 

 Surface Resources Act of 1955: 300 



41 



tectonic processes: 

 territorial sea: 4 



Territories, United States: 55, 292-299 

 tertiary sediments: 57, 58 

 Texas A&M University: 123 

 Thailand: 169, 171, 318 

 mining laws: 313-314 

 Third World: J 3 

 Titanic: 124, 151, 152, 154 



