Preface 



The Panel on Basic Science and Research 

 gathered information through public hearings 

 across the Nation, in concert with the Panel on 

 Environmental Problems; through correspondence 

 with a cross-section of the industrial, academic. 

 Federal and State scientific communities; from 

 authoritative reports reflecting the expertise of 

 groups which have previously explored the topic; 

 and from a variety of interviews conducted by 

 members of the panel, its staff, and consultants. 



More than 175 replies were received to letters 

 sent to approximately 500 persons whose knowl- 

 edge and opinions of the problem were solicited. 



The panel also is indebted to the authors of the 

 following reports, from whose pages substance was 

 given to its own efforts: 



Effective Use of the Sea, Panel on Ocean- 

 ography, President's Science Advisory Committee, 

 June 1966. 



Oceanography 1966 - Achievements and 

 Opportunities, National Academy of Sciences/Na- 

 tional Research Council, 1967. 



Marine Science Affairs - A Year of Transition, 

 First report of the President to the Congress on 

 marine resources and engineering development, 

 February 1967. 



The Ocean Science Program of the U. S. Navy, 

 Office of the Oceanographer of the Navy, June 

 1967. 



Marine Science and Technology: Survey and 

 Proposals, Report of the U. N. Secretary General 

 to the Economic and Social Council, E/4487, 

 April 24, 1968. 



The Oceanographic Operations Program of the 

 U. S. Navy, Office of the Oceanographer of the 

 Navy, December 1967. 



National Marine Sciences Program, hearings 

 before the subcommittee on oceanography of the 

 Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, 

 House of Representatives 90th Congress, 1968. 



Marine Science Affairs, A Year of Plans and 

 Progress, Second report of the President of the 

 Congress on marine resources and engineering 

 development, March 1968. 



The Role of Academic Institutions in the 

 Development of Marine Resources and Tech- 

 nology, Report of the Council of Oceanographic 

 Laboratory Directors, Sept. 12, 1967. 



In addition, the National Academy of Sciences 

 Committee on Oceanography contributed a 

 lengthy updating of its report Oceanography 1966 

 for the use of the panel. 



PubUc hearings were held in Washington, 

 Boston, New York, Miami, Chicago, Houston, La 

 Jolla, and Seattle, with testimony by representa- 

 tives of Federal and State agencies, universities, 

 industry, and others. It is not possible to acknowl- 

 edge all those whose contributions are represented 

 here; they number more than three hundred. 

 Without their help, this report could not have been 

 compiled. The panel expresses its sincere gratitude. 

 However, we would especially like to express our 

 deep appreciation to the consultants who worked 

 closely with us: Dr. Karl K. Turekian of Yale 

 University; Dr. H. W. Menard and Dr. Walter Munk 

 of Scripps Institution of Oceanography; Dr. W. I. 

 Aron of The Smithsonian Institution, and Dr. 

 W. D. McElroy of Johns Hopkins University. 



In addition, we would Uke to single out others 

 for their special assistance: Dr. S. F. Singer, 

 Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior; Dr. 

 M. B. Schaefer, Science Advisor to the Secretary 

 of the Interior; Dr. R. Revelle, Director of The 

 Center for Population Studies, Harvard University; 

 Dr. J. Calhoun, Chairman of the Committee on 

 Oceanography, National Academy of Sciences; Dr. 

 J. Lyman, consultant; and Mr. R. Vetter, Execu- 

 tive Secretary of the Committee on Oceanography, 

 National Academy of Sciences. 



This report could not have been written with- 

 out the dedicated assistance of our Executive 

 Secretary, Mr. John Dermody. Details of our 

 hearing schedules and the names of our witnesses 

 can be found in Appendix B. 



Dr. Robert M. White, Chairman 

 Dr. John A. Knauss 



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