within the structure for acquiring support for 

 facilities, large interdisciplinary programs and engi- 

 neering development. 



New requirements of marine science labora- 

 tories for major facility support could be handled 

 through the Navy and the National Science Foun- 

 dation, given adequate funds. The panel, however, 

 fears that the Foundation may become so over- 

 committed to capital facility and institutional 

 operation support that its flexibility would be 

 limited. 



Recommendation: 



The major civil responsibility for providing institu- 

 tional and facility support should be invested in 

 the new agency recommended by the Commission. 

 The National Science Foundation should be re- 

 lieved of this responsibility. The Office of Naval 

 Research should continue to provide the kinds of 

 support it has in the past. Other Federal agencies 

 should provide limited institutional and facility 

 support. 



B. Structural Issues in International Organization 



Marine science affairs will ultimately require an 

 intergovernmental body at the treaty level, per- 

 haps as a separate specialized agency of the United 

 Nations. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic 

 Coimnission needs strengthening. 



Recommendation: 



Immediate steps should be taken to strengthen the 

 Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission as 

 the principal mtergovemmental forum for marine 

 science and to facilitate its collaborative efforts 

 vsith other international intergovernmental groups. 

 As an ultimate goal, a separate treaty organization 

 should be established within the United Nations 

 system for marine science and other suitable 

 marine applications. 



C. Funding Support 



Every Federal agency which is responsible for 

 marine research and maintains in-house capability 



should strike a reasonable balance between in- 

 house and out-of-house basic research. The ratio 

 will vary, but within the basic research category a 

 target of 50 per cent for each is reasonable. 

 Competition should be minimized by establishing 

 within each agency a separate office for out-of- 

 house research programs. 



The new agency recommended by the Com- 

 mission should create an office to fund institu- 

 tional grants, facility support and engineering 

 development. 



The specific programs recommended in this 

 report clearly indicate that an increase of basic 

 science funding is required to achieve the essential 

 base of knowledge about the ocean environment 

 for presently anticipated and future unanticipated 

 uses. 



While it is difficult to assess the exact cost of 

 this expanded effort, an analysis of the programs 

 indicate that incremental funding for the 1970's 

 should show an annual increased spending level of 

 approximately $200 miUion. Forty per cent of this 

 increased funding would be for capital and oper- 

 ating requirements of the university-National 

 laboratories, 10 per cent for the coastal labora- 

 tories, 15 per cent for in-house Govenmient 

 laboratories, and the remaining 35 per cent for 

 increased Federal funding of other out-of-house 

 research by the various agencies. 



Recommendation: 



The basic science effort of this Nation must be 

 maintained and expanded to encompass the pro- 

 grams described in this report. To achieve this an 

 incremental increase of approximately 20 per cent 

 per year for operating and capital expenditures 

 should be maintained until the current basic 

 science funding base has increased by $200 million 

 annually. 



Many institutions should continue to operate 

 their own vessels. The Panel does not concur with 

 the President's Science Advisory Committee that 

 all fleets be regional. The panel's previous recom- 

 mendation to designate university-National labora- 

 tories will provide regional specialized facilities 

 such as special purpose ships. 



MO 



