While it is difficult to assess the exact cost of 

 this expanded effort, an analysis of the programs 

 indicate that incremental funding for the 1970's 

 should show an annual increased spending level of 

 approximately $200 million. Forty per cent of this 

 increased funding would be for capital and operat- 

 ing requirements of the university-National labora- 

 tories, 10 per cent for the coastal laboratories, 15 

 per cent for in-house Government laboratories, 

 and the remaining 35 per cent for increased 

 Federal funding of other out-of-house research by 

 the various agencies. 



Recommendation : 



The basic science effort of this Nation must be 

 maintained and expanded to encompass the pro- 

 gram described in this report. To achieve this an 

 incremental increase of approximately 20 per cent 

 per year for operating and capital expenditures 

 should be maintained until the current basic 

 science funding base has increased by S200 million 

 annually. 



The panel encountered repeatedly the problem 

 of ship funding, both for capital expenditures and 

 operation. We have recommended a variety of 

 laboratories necessary to conduct the National 

 effort. 



This suggests a variety of management and 

 funding arrangements. We do not concur with the 

 President's Science Advisory Committee recom- 

 mendation that all fleets be regional fleets.'' Many 

 institutions can operate their own vessels and this 

 practice should continue. We do not even suggest 

 that all ocean-going research vessels should be 

 operated by university-National laboratories. Al- 

 though the university-National laboratory can be 

 expected to provide ship facilities for many 

 scientists from non-ship operating institutions, we 

 do not think this is the only answer. Operations 

 such as those conducted by Duke University with 

 R. V. Eastward and Scripps Institution of Ocean- 

 ography with R. V. Alpha Helix suggest that there 

 are other ways to provide successfully for the 

 needs of the research community. 



When a laboratory is large enough to use a 

 research vessel efficiently, it is better that the 



Figure 22. University research vessels 





Lamont Geological Observatory -Columbia 

 University research vessel 



University of Wasliington research vessel 



Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution research 

 vessel 



Effective Use of the Sea, Report of the Panel on 

 Oceanography, President's Science Advisory Committee, 

 1966. 



Scripps Institution of Oceanography research 

 vessel 



-60 



