Contents 



Preface II-l 



Summary of Findings and Recommendations II-3 



Chapter 1 Introduction II-8 



Chapter 2 The Need for an Environmental 

 Monitoring and Prediction 

 System II-9 



I. The Need for Ocean Knowledge . . . II-9 



II. The Need for a Common Global 



System 11-10 



III. The Ocean-Earth-Atmosphere 



Physical System II-l 1 



IV. Common Elements in Environ- 



mental Monitoring and 



Prediction 11-13 



V. Environmental Modification . . . .11-14 



Chapters The System Today 11-15 



I. Historical Development 11-15 



II. Magnitude of Federal Effort . . . .11-16 



III. Programs of Federal Agencies . . .11-17 



IV. Industrial Activities 11-27 



V. Other Nations 11-27 



I. Fixed Stations— Buoys 11-36 



II. Moving Platforms 11-39 



III. Remote Platforms 11-41 



IV. Appraisal 11-45 



Chapter 6 Scientific Limitations .... 11-47 



I. Sea-Air Interaction 11-47 



II. Scales of Motion 11-48 



III. Dynamics of Ocean Currents . . . .11-49 



IV. Biological Prediction II49 



Chapter 7 Organization II-5 1 



I. Basic Authorities 11-51 



II. Interagency Coordination 11-52 



III. Organizational Options 11-53 



IV. Other Organizational Considerations . 11-56 



Chapter 8 International Organization 



.11-58 



I. Intergovernmental Oceanographic 



Commission 11-58 



II. World Meteorological 



Organization 11-59 



III. Other International Organizations . .11-61 



IV. Appraisal 11-61 



Chapter 4 An Appraisal of Monitoring and 



I. 



II. 



III. 



IV. 



V. 



VI. 



Prediction Capabilities 



. 11-29 



Ocean Temperature Structure . . . 11-29 



Sea-State 11-29 



Opportunities for Immediate 



Improvement 11-29 



Ocean Currents 11-34 



Tsunami 11-34 



Hurricane 11-34 



Chapter 9 Payoffs from an Improved 



Environmental Monitoring and 

 Prediction System 11-63 



I. Fisheries 11-63 



II. Ocean Transportation 11-63 



III. Long-Range Weather Forecasting . .11-64 



IV. Requirements for Cost-Benefit/ 



Systems Studies 11-65 



VII. Ice 11-35 Appendix A Acknowledgments 



.11-68 



Chapter 5 



Recent Technological 

 Developments . . . 



Appendix B Temperate Tuna Forecast 

 .11-36 for 1968 



.11-71 



