Preface 



Among the charges to the Panel on Environ- 

 mental Monitoring by the Commission was the 

 examination of those problems in which the 

 oceans are but one element of the complex 

 interacting geophysical system. The panel first 

 charted its course of action at a three-day meeting 

 in August 1967 at the University of Rhode 

 Island. To avail itself of all possible information 

 bearing on its problems nation-wide hearings were 

 scheduled, jointly with the Panel on Basic Science. 

 The first hearings were held in Washington, D.C., 

 during the period Oct. 9-12, 1967; all Federal 

 agencies conducting ocean-related programs were 

 given an opportunity to describe their present 

 activities and plans for the future. Representatives 

 of the following agencies participated: 



Department of the Navy 



Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army 



Advanced Research Projects Agency 



Department of the Interior 



National Aeronautics and Space Administration 



Department of Commerce 



Department of Transportation 



Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 



National Science Foundation 



Atomic Energy Commission 



Smithsonian Institution 



At the conclusion of the Washington hearings, 

 the panel initiated field hearings; witnesses repre- 

 senting the university community, industry. Fed- 

 eral field activities, and State and local govern- 

 ments were heard. A schedule of the hearings and 

 a complete list of the more-than-one-hundred 

 witnesses appears in Appendix A. 



The panel members were assisted throughout 

 their deliberations by the following consultants: 



S. Fred Singer, Deputy Assistant Secretary for 



Scientific Programs, Department of the Interior 

 Karl K. Turekian, Professor of Geology and 



Geophysics, Yale University 

 Henry W. Menard, Professor of Oceanography, 



Scripps Institution of Oceanography, LaJoUa, 



California 



Walter H. Munk, Professor and Associate Director, 

 Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, 

 University of California 



Th" panel supplemented its own information- 

 gathering activities by making extensive use of 

 earlier surveys of the field, particularly these 

 recent reports: 



Committee on Oceanography, National Academy 

 of Sciences-National Research Council, Ocean- 

 ography 1960 to 1970, NAS-NRC, Washington, 

 D.C. (1959) (out of print). 



Committee on Oceanography, National Academy 

 of Sciences-National Research Council, Ocean- 

 ography 1966, Achievements and Opportuni- 

 ties, NAS-NRC, Washington, D.C. (1967). 



Panel on Oceanography, President's Science 

 Advisory Committee, Effective Use of the Sea, 

 Washington, D.C. (1966). 



The panel was also in a position to review, via 

 close liaison with the National Council on Marine 

 Resources and Engineering Development, all cur- 

 rent planning activities of the Federal agencies 

 participating in the Nation's oceanographic pro- 

 gram. In particular, a Commission representative 

 participated in the meetings of the Council's 

 Committee on Ocean Exploration and Environ- 

 mental Services, and the panel reviewed the report 

 prepared by the Committee: 



National Council on Marine Resources and Engi- 

 neering Development, Committee on Ocean 

 Exploration and Environmental Services, 

 Federal Plan for Marine Environmental Predic- 

 tion, Washington, D.C, July 1, 1968. 



Continuing discussions were held during the 

 preparation of this report with many private 

 citizens as well as Government representatives. 

 Representatives of the Navy, the Coast Guard, the 

 Environmental Science Services Administration, 

 the Maritime Administration, The National Aero- 

 nautics and Space Administration, and the Bureau 

 of Commercial Fisheries, were especially helpful. 



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