Contents 



Preface III-l 



Summary of Findings and 



Recommendations III-2 



I. The Need for Planning and 



Management 111-2 



II. The Need for Research and 



Training III-3 



III. The Need for Federal Surveys 



and Projects III-3 



IV. The Need for a Systematic Ap- 



proach to Waste Management . III-4 



V. The Need for Immediate Action . III-5 



Chapter 1 The Coastal Zone 



III-7 



I. Definition III-7 



II. The Shoreline III-7 



III. The Continental Shelf .... 111-7 



IV. Estuaries III-8 



V. Jurisdictions III-9 



VI. The Great Lakes III-IO 



VII. Socioeconomic Trends .... III-l 



Chapter 2 Uses and Conflicts in the 



Coastal Zone III-l 2 



I. Urban and Commercial 



Development Ill- 12 



II. Industrial Development . . . Ill- 13 



III. Housing Development .... III-l 5 



IV. Recreation— Beaches and Parks . III-l 5 



V. Recreation-Boating III-l 7 



VI. Sport Fishing and Hunting . . Ill- 19 



VII. Commercial Fishing III-20 



VIII. Aquacuhure 111-22 



IX. Marine Petroleum Exploitation . III-23 



X. Marine Mining III-24 



XI. Navigation and Spatial 



Conflicts III-25 



Chapter 3 Problems of Natural and Man- 

 Made Changes in the 



Environment III-29 



I. Shoreline Erosion III-29 



II. Shoreline Damage by Storms ■. . III-34 



III. Dredging and Filling III-36 



IV. Loss of Wildlife and Nutrient- 



Rich Areas III-37 



V. Modification and Diversion of 



Flow III-39 



VI. Eutrophication III42 



A. Municipal Wastewater . . . III44 



B. Sedimentation III-44 



C. Agricultural Runoff .... III-44 



VII. Proliferation of Pests and Other 



Species III45 



A. Jellyfish III-45 



B. Alewives (Pomolobus 



pseudoharengus) .... III-46 



C. Eurasian Milfoil (Myriophyllum 



Spicatum) III-47 



D. Water Hyacinths {Eichornia 



crassipes) III-47 



Chapter 4 The Pollution Menace 



III-49 



Chapter 5 Port Development and Rede- 

 velopment: A Problem and 

 an Opportunity .... 



III-61 



