Several recent studies of urban waterfront areas 

 have focused on current land use allocations 

 (Tables 1-3). 



Apparent in recent Seattle' and San Francisco 

 Bay^ Studies is the fact that most new waterfront 

 commercial development is public-oriented (i.e., 

 restaurants, motels, parking lots, etc.). 



Many commercial developments (restaurants, 

 motels and hotels, retail shops, and office build- 

 ings) can derive significant benefits from a location 

 on the waterfront. With the exception of vacation- 

 oriented activities, they usually are located in 

 urban areas. 



Waterfront uses in urban areas have generally 

 been incompatible with most commercial uses. 

 Manufacturing and distribution industries and ter- 

 minal facilities, primarily located in the urban 

 waterfront areas of cities, have tended to deter 

 commercial development. Significant exceptions 

 are urban renewal projects to redevelop old and 

 abandoned port facilities such as in Baltimore and 

 Philadelphia. 



Table 1 



SEATTLE HARBOR WATERFRONT LAND 



USE INVENTORY (1966)' 



(thousands of square feet - Net Area) 



Use Area Per cent 



Residential 18 — 



Commercial 9,321 19.8 



Industry 10,711 22.9 



Transportation^ 13,814 29.5 



Government and Institutional . 4,624 9.9 



Cultural and Recreational ... 58 — 



Undeveloped and Misc.' . . 8,402 17.9 



Total 46,948 100 



Source: Records of the Puget Sound Regional Trans- 

 portation Study. 



Shoreline Utilization in the Greater Seattle Area, study 

 by Management & Economics Research Inc., January, 

 1968. 



One-fourth of this figure is for auto parking lots. 

 One-third of this is reserved for facilities already under 

 construction or planned (1967). 



Table 2 



BALTIMORE REGIONAL PORT SHORELINE 



LAND USE' 



Shoreline Utilization in the Greater Seattle Area, 

 study by Management & Economics Research Inc., 

 January 1968. 



2 



Report on Waterfront Industry prepared for San 

 Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commis- 

 sion, February 1968. 



Use 



Miles 



Per cent 



Source: Chesapeake Bay Case Study, report by Trident 

 Engineering Associates to the National Council on Marine 

 Resources and Engineering Development, Sept. 28, 1967. 



The Baltimore Regional Port Shoreline is defined as the 

 western coastline from the Chesapeake Bay Bridge to the 

 Aberdeen Proving Grounds, a distance of 266 miles of 

 water front. 



II. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT 



Use of coastal lands and waters for industrial 

 development is an important part of the economic 

 growth of any given area. Industry is expected to 

 continue as a major competitor for use of a coastal 

 environment. Problems associated with industrial 

 development are: 



—Pollution due to industrial wastes 



—Space conflicts with other growing uses both on 

 the nearshore and backshore accesses 



—Loss of aesthetic attractions 



Factors affecting waterfront location by indus- 

 trial firms: 



-Transportation. Either the raw materials or fin- 

 ished products processed or distributed by the 

 firm require water transportation and additional 

 costs would be incurred if a waterfront site were 

 not obtained. This is the most obvious and 

 compelling reason for such locations. 



— Water use. Many industries use water in their 

 manufacturing processes. Industrial use far exceeds 

 household use. Only a small portion of the 

 industrial water intake is actually consumed. 

 Brackish (saline) water is satisfactory for many 

 industrial purposes. Approximately 20 per cent of 

 the water used by U.S. industries in 1965 was 

 brackish (saline), and this percentage is rising each 



III-13 



