zone and estuaries. Success in the shellfish culture 

 and artificial propagation of marine finfish pro- 

 grams will depend in part on the degree to which 

 favorable estuarine and coastal zone habitat is 

 preserved. 



C. Estuarine Research and Management 



This relates directly to coastal dependent 

 fishery resources and includes studies of produc- 

 tivity and nutrient cycling, determining the effects 

 of changing environmental factors and heated 

 effluents, classifying estuarine habitats, developing 

 methods for rehabilitating damaged habitats, 

 determining requirements for inflow of fresh 

 water, and developing criteria for assessing effects 

 of construction projects that would alter estuaries. 



II. FEDERAL WATER POLLUTION CONTROL 

 ADMINISTRATION (FWPCA) 



This agency was created by the Water Quality 

 Act of 1965'* to administer the Federal Water 

 Pollution Control Act,^ formerly administered by 

 the Pubhc Health Service. FWPCA was transferred 

 to the Department of the Interior by Reorganiza- 

 tion Plan No. 2 of 1966, effective May 10, 1966. 



Provisions of the Federal Water Pollution Con- 

 trol Act apply equally to the navigable and 

 interstate waters of the estuaries, rivers, and lakes. 

 Broadly, the Act's objectives call for the enhance- 

 ment of quahty and value of the Nation's water 

 resources and for prevention, control and abate- 

 ment of pollution. The agency is organized to 

 accompUsh these objectives and budgets are struc- 

 tured in terms of functions (such as research and 

 development) and directed towards priority prob- 

 lems rather than in terms of estuaries, lakes, rivers, 

 etc. Current funding for coastal programs is: 



FY 68 FY 69 



(miUions of dollars) 



1.0 1.4 



1.4 1.6 



1.1 1.6 



3.5 4.6 



Comprehensive planning 

 Services and surveillance 

 Research and training 



Total 



through comprehensive planning, provision of 

 technical services, enforcement actions, and re- 

 search and development programs. 



These resources support comprehensive studies 

 covering the Great Lakes and most of the coastal 

 areas; pollution abatement enforcement actions in 

 16 estuaries and Great Lakes; the National Estua- 

 rine Pollution Study authorized by the Clean 

 Water Restoration Act of 1966;* a substantial 

 number of relative smaD technical studies; and 

 research and development projects, both intra- and 

 extramural, designed to extend understanding of 

 pollution problems and to develop more effective 

 control measures. It can be expected that results 

 of past efforts wiU become increasingly apparent 

 and that pollution damage will be contained or 

 reduced in many areas. The Comprehensive Plan- 

 ning Program and the National Estuarine Study 

 also should help to point the way toward more 

 effective use of the marine resource. 



During the past 12 months Water QuaUty 

 Standards have been prepared by States and 

 submitted to the FWPCA. Once approved by the 

 Secretary of Interior, Water QuaUty Standards also 

 become Federal law and are enforceable as such. 



Laboratory facilities operated or under con- 

 struction by FWPCA are shown on Figure 2. 

 Proposals for the future by the FWPCA include 

 extending the Oil Pollution Act to include the 

 contiguous zone and increased control measures 

 for oil spills and wastes from watercraft.^ 



III. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 



The Geological Survey is responsible for investi- 

 gations to provide information for exploration and 

 extraction of minerals. It is charged with support- 

 ing the management of resources of the Outer 

 Continental Shelf. 



Principal objectives of the Geological Survey's 

 marine geology program are:* 



—In five years complete geologic field work 

 required to prepare geologic analyses and maps of 



Federal Water Pollution Control Administration 

 efforts are focused on marine pollution problems 



'•p.L. 89-234, Oct. 2, 1965, 79 Stat. 903. 

 ^P.L. 84-660, May 9, 1956, 33 U.S.C. 466. 



*P.L. 89-753, Nov. 3, 1966, 80 Stat. 1246. This study 

 is described in Chapter 9. 



A major revision of the oil and water pollution acts 

 was proposed in the 90th Congress (S. 3206 et al.) but 

 failed to be enacted. See Chapters 4 and 9. 



Information furnished at heatings, Oct. 12, 1967. 



III-84 



