programs, institutional support for 30 coastal 

 laboratories at an annual rate of about one-half 

 million doDars each. In addition to institutional 

 support for coastal zone laboratories, we recom- 

 mend Sea Grant funding be increased further to 

 support research problems and manpower training 

 related to the coastal zone at an annual level of 

 about $12 million. 



IV. THE NEED FOR PLANNING AND MAN- 

 AGEMENT 



As a Nation, we are faced with a crisis in the 

 effective use of the coastal zone. The rapidly 

 growing population along our coasts and Great 

 Lakes is accompanied by accelerated development, 

 which often thoughtlessly intensifies pollution and 

 degrades the environment. Conflicts among some 

 uses are increasing— or are becoming increasingly 

 apparent— and random choices render the environ- 

 ment inhospitable to other concurrent or future 

 uses. Indeed, severe damage to the environment 

 can preclude its return to the previous natural 

 state. Other new uses may require efforts of 

 restoration at great time and expense. 



In many— perhaps most— cases, uses have 

 evolved with little advance planning, little exam- 

 ination of conflicts or consequences, and hence 

 without adequate consideration of long-term ef- 

 fects on the environment. These have been identi- 

 fied and discussed in previous chapters. 



Many uses are subject to a variety of public and 

 private actions and fall into several often over- 

 lapping government jurisdictions. Mute testimony 



to this is the size of Chapter 7 and its description 

 of Federal agencies.^* The picture is typically one 

 of uncoordinated efforts to achieve various objec- 

 tives in the coastal zone. 



With responsibility fragmented, with little in- 

 centive for affected interests to submit to anything 

 like a single manager, with a multitude of objec- 

 tives that may be pursued, it is particularly 

 difficult for plans to be designed, made authorita- 

 tive, and enforced. 



To a substantial extent, simultaneous use of the 

 zone for many purposes is possible, provided that 

 it is planned for. Effective planning necessitates 

 developing an understanding of the coastal ecology 

 and the dynamics of coastal processes far deeper 

 than available today. It calls for an analysis of 

 economic activities and their inter-relations. It 

 requires such criteria as State water quality stand- 

 ards to protect the utility of the resource. It 

 includes protection of the shoreUne and of adja- 

 cent waters. Effective planning includes the exer- 

 cise of sound land use principles. 



Purposes that find easy expression in immediate 

 economic returns should not predominate in guid- 

 ing choices. Instead, special efforts are necessary 

 to plan for the future and to consider intangible 

 benefits difficult to evaluate in the usual economic 

 terms. 



See also the Commission contract report, A Perspec- 

 tive of Regional and State Marine Environmental Activi- 

 ties: A Questionnaire Survey, Statistics and Observations, 

 John I. Thompson & Co., Washington, D.C., Feb. 29, 

 1968. 



Figure 7. Artist's conception of the proposed Bolsa Island dual-purpose nuclear power and 

 seawater desalting plant off Southern California. Bold new projects as this are symbolic of 

 future use of the coastal zone. (Office of Saline Water photo) 



III-145 



333-093 O - 69 - 20 



