National Defense Graduate Fellowship Program, and Title III of the Education and Secondary Education 

 Act of 1965, which permits the Federal Government to make grants to elementary and secondary 

 schools for developing new programs in the marine science field. In FY 1968, HEW spent some 

 $280,000 in support of 49 graduate fellows in the marine sciences and about $360,000 to train 

 technicians for the fishery trades and industry. NSF also supports graduate and undergraduate students 

 in the marine sciences; in addition, it supports faculty member research training and development of new 

 courses and curricula in marine science. An even more important contributor to graduate education is 

 the Navy, through its research contracts. 



The National Sea Grant Program, authorized in October 1966, has three major objectives: training 

 and education, research programs in various fields relating to development of marine resources, and 

 advisory services in marine resource development. Funding for training and education is directed toward 

 producing manpower necessary to marine resource development: marine technicians, ocean engineers, 

 and other technologists. Of a total budget in FY 1968 of $5 million, approximately $2 million were 

 allotted to education and training. 



The Sea Grant Program provides matching funds to institutions to cover up to two-thirds the cost of 

 specific projects. The two principal forms of Sea Grant funding are institutional support and project 

 support. Within the framework of institutional support, the Program hopes by 1974 to have established 

 1 7 to 20 Sea Grant colleges— centers of competence in solving marine resources problems. 



During its first year of operation (FY 1968), the Sea Grant Program funded six institutional programs 

 and gave small grants to two other institutes for planning activities prior to submission of FY 1969 

 institutional proposals. 



The Program also funded several project grants at non-Sea Grant institutes. Among the project titles 

 were "Development of New Subjects for Ocean Engineering Graduate Program," "Planning for American 

 Junior College Involvement in the Training of Marine Technicians," and "Improvement and Expansion 

 of Marine Technology Curricula"— illustrations of Sea Grant's concern for education and training 

 problems. 



Sea Grant has also been seeking to involve industry, as well as institutions, in its programs. Industry 

 might provide fellowships and scholarships to institutions enjoying Sea Grant sponsorship; it might 

 sponsor cooperative educational on-the-job training programs between Sea Grant institutions and 

 industry. 



Another source of Federal support in training marine technicians is the Department of Labor. 

 Through the Manpower Development and Training Act, Labor is spending several million dollars each 

 year to train marine specialists: butchers, bakers, cooks, stewards, and shrimp and fishing boat crewmen, 

 including factory ship crewmen. The Department is also funding union training of merchant marine 

 officers. The Office of Education, in cooperation with the Department of Labor and the Office of 

 Economic Opportunity, has initiated a pilot program to train hard core unemployables as marine 

 technicians. 



Other Federal agencies are also involved in education and training. The Smithsonian Institution 

 supports a few postdoctoral students in marine biology, and the Department of the Interior funds several 

 doctoral candidates working in fisheries biology. The Atomic Energy Commission contracts for basic 

 research grants in the marine sciences. In-house training is funded by the Navy, the Coast Guard, the 

 Environmental Science Services Administration. The Navy has its own post-graduate marine sciences 

 school in CaUfornia. The Maritime Administration operates the Merchant Marine Academy at King's 

 Point, New York, and several States support their own merchant marine academies. But within the total 

 complex of marine-related education and training activities, these "internal" contributions to the total 

 manpower pool are minor. 



State programs and industry are another source of funds for education and training. But their 

 contributions are not large. In coming years, as the cost of graduate education continues to increase, a 

 matching funds arrangement between the Federal Government and State or local agencies may need to 

 be developed. As noted earlier, private industry has not yet been active in such funding in marine 



IV-12 



