Assuming a steady annual increase in the Federal commitment to marine education and training 

 approximating that of the past few years, the demand by employers for personnel should be met. 

 However, program implementation will be difficult if a proliferation of new educational institutions with 

 high initial costs for buildings and capital equipment continues without a corresponding increase in the 

 total Federal budget for marine education and training. Accordingly, primary funding emphasis by the 

 Government should be placed on expanding and improving existing marine science centers. The 

 following more specific recommendations are offered: 



1 . The Sea Grant College Program should receive increased funding to a level of $22 million by 1972. 

 Funding for other Federal marine education and training programs should be increased incrementally 

 over the coming years. Such programs should pay close attention to new directions developing in the 

 marine sciences-coastal oceanography, air-sea interaction, and undergraduate and secondary school level 

 interest. Greater emphasis should also be placed on mid-career training and on providing post-doctoral 

 education for scientists who come into oceanography and marine technology from other fields. 



In "non-science" areas addressed by the Sea Grant Program, increased funding is necessary, for as 

 America undertakes a National ocean program, all aspects of society have a right to involve themselves in 

 its affairs and to benefit from its development. 



2. Legislation should be enacted to permit the Sea Grant Program to make grants for the ships and 

 laboratories necessary to support the program's objectives. This amendment to the present Sea Grant 

 statute also has been recommended by the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Oceanography. 



Both in this and in the other Federally funded programs, education and training must be clearly 

 identified in future budgets. Too often research overshadows education and training needs. Also needed 

 is development of cooperative arrangements between major marine laboratories and universities that 

 desire marine science programs but their own facilities. A percentage of future National funds for 

 marine-related research and development facilities should be specifically allocated to education and 

 training programs. 



3. The Federal Government should adopt a funding pohcy designed to create a small number of 

 National centers for marine education and training, adequately provided with facilities and teaching 

 staffs to serve as pace-setters in preparing personnel for work in marine-related fields. There would be a 

 few institutions for specialized instruction in the marine sciences. 



In all programs to support marine education and training, greater attention is needed to provide 

 continuing financial support. Basic science, in particular, does not produce "results" on a budget cycle. 

 Although the Congress may be unwilhng to commit itself to underwriting long-term education and 

 training projects, those who present oceanography's case to the Congress each year should be prepared 

 to stand behind carefully selected programs so that these programs will receive necessary support each 

 year. 



Education and training are vital components of the Commission's recommended National ocean 

 program because of the growing need for marine scientists, engineers, and technicians and for program 

 managers, pohcy coordinators, and others associated with the organizational aspects of marine affairs. 

 Unless greater attention and support are received by the whole area of marine education and 

 training— unless far greater investment than now planned is directed toward marine education and 

 training— or unless the Nation is willing in an emergency to pay the penalties of a crash program like that 

 during World War II, serious manpower deficiencies may develop which would impede the implementa- 

 tion of the National program to make more effective use of the sea. 



IV- 14 



U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1969 O - 333-093 



