196 FUTURE SELECTION OF AQUANAUTS 



For the group as a whole there are no significant correlations between factor scores and 

 basic values. This was the case for individual criteria as well. There are, however, several 

 correlations between factor scores and values for the civilian and Navy subgroups, and the 

 correlations present an interesting pattern. 



On two of the values, economic and aesthetic, there were significant correlations with the 

 same factor score, the evaluation-adjustment factor, for the two groups, Moreover, these cor- 

 relations were in the opposite direction for the two subgroups. Scores on the theoretical scale 

 were correlated positively on the evaluation-adjustment criteria for the Navy divers. At a 

 minimum the pattern of these correlations supports the view that Navy and civilian divers en- 

 tered Sealab with different goals. It is possible to speculate further on how these different 

 goals might have affected performance and adjustment in Sealab. 



The correlations in Table 10 imply that the closer a man in one subgroup was to the mean 

 value of men in the other subgroup, the better his performance or adjustment in Sealab was 

 likely to be. For example, the Navy subgroup had a higher mean value on the economic scale 

 than did the civilian group, and civilian divers seemed to fare better if they were more similar 

 to the Navy divers on economic values. The same is true of aesthetic values, with the signs 

 reversed. That is, high aesthetic values predicted favorable adjustment for Navy divers, while 

 the opposite was true for civilian divers. 



The correlation between scores on the theoretical value scale and the evaluation-adjustment 

 factor for Navy divers is also of interest, even though there were no similar correlations for 

 the civilian divers. It is not surprising that scores on this value were extremely high for the 

 civilian divers, since they were scientists, and the scale is intended to measure theoretical or 

 scientific value orientations. Even though the mean value for the Navy divers as a group was 

 significantly lower than that of the civilians on the theoretical scale, this value was still the 

 highest of all six values for the Navy divers. In other words, the Navy divers were very high 

 on scientific values for a group of nonscientists. Furthermore, those with the highest scien- 

 tific value scores rated higher on the evaluation-adjustment factor. 



Information from the debrief interviews illustrates the way in which a high theoretical 

 orientation may have operated to produce intragroup harmony. Marine life around Sealab was 

 a constant source of amusement and diversion. Many of the men spent hours observing fish 

 through the portholes. Some of the scientists were engaged in taking a marine-life census and 

 observing fish behavior. In the debrief interviews, one of the marine biologists spoke enthusi- 

 astically of the ability of one of the Navy divers to see and identify fish, saying, "I trained him 

 on observing fish and he got so he could spot them before I could." This same Navy diver also 

 commented spontaneously and favorably on his work as an amateur marine biologist. Thus, 

 this shared interest appeared to have provided a bond between these two men which acted favor- 

 ably on their performance and adjustment. 



Can these men be characterized in more meaningful terms than correlations and mean 

 values? While it is in a sense simplistic and misleading to do so, an attempt to identify the 

 value patterns associated with better adjustment for civilian and Navy aquanauts may serve to 

 illustrate how the Study of Values can be used. It would appear in general that the Navy divers 

 fared better in Sealab if they had high scientific interests enabling them to appreciate and un- 

 derstand the goals of their scientific colleagues; if their aesthetic orientation enabled them to 

 enjoy fully the wonder and beauty of the unique aesthetic experience provided by Sealab; and if 

 economic values did not loom too large in their outlook on life. Conversely, it seems that the 

 civilian scientists fared better if they were more down to earth, since better adjustment for 

 civilians was correlated with lower aesthetic values and higher economic values. This analysis 

 may represent a very complex way of saying that people get along better if they understand the 

 other fellow's point of view. However, it is important to know the areas in which shared val- 

 ues, as measured by these scales, produce this understanding. The results of this study hope- 

 fully represent a step toward such knowledge. 



Factor Scores and Demographic Variables 



In Table 11 correlations between factor scores and demographic variables are presented. 

 Table 11 also includes a nondemographic variable, Teammate Choice - Pre, which is the 



