5 -1 -2 

 compared to the incident radiation of approximately 10 ergs sec cm 



Conversion is thus very inefficient and there remains the possibility 



that some subtle and unrecognized mechanism supplies more motion to the 



ocean than calculated above. Lacking this evidence of another process, 



the present value for the rate of supply of motional energy can certainly 



be considered an overestimate, probably by at least one order of magnitude. 



Heat flows from the ocean floor at the rate of approximately 

 10 cal cm sec , (Bullard, 1954), Mechanical effects associated with 

 this flow rate can be ignored except possibly in parts of the deep ocean 

 which may be practically unaffected by motion imparted by the other sources 

 mentionedo 



Summarizing, the maximum average kinetic energy possible produced 



below a unit area of ocean surface by the various sources is: 



-1 -2 

 Tide 3.9 ergs sec cm 



Wind 32 



Direct Sun 56 " 



Most of this energy might only be associated with water in the layer 

 approximately 100 meters deep over the thermocline„ In that event, steady 



turbulence could not dissipate energy faster than about 100 ergs sec 



-2 -1 

 per unit area of ocean surface of 10 ergs sec per unit volume of 



water above the thermocline. Some of the energy must appear in deep ocean, 



but it is hard to believe that the fraction could exceed l/lO . In that 



-5 -3 -1 

 event, 2x10 ergs cm sec would be the maximum supplied to maintain 



2-1 5-1 

 turbulence in a 4000-meter ocean, i.eo, 10 xlO x(4xlO ) 



