104 TESTIMONY 



come in May there is plenty of fish in their stomachs, 



feSr*"^^^"" ^" ''°* but after June there is nothing. Plenty of buUs all the 



time on the rookeries, and plenty bulls have no cows. 



Abundance of bulls. J never seeu a 3-year-old cow without a pup in July; 



only 2-year-olds have no pups. 

 All the drives are under the care of the Chief and my men never drive 

 too fast. Ko drive on St. Paul Island longer than 2 

 Driving. miles. We never make more than two drives from the 



same rookery in one week. 



When I was a boy, before Americans came here, we used to drive 

 from the rookeries at Northeast Point to the village killing grounds, 

 a distance of 12 miles, and from Halfway Point a distance of 6 

 miles, and from Zapadnie a distance of 5 miles. After the Ameri- 

 cans came the drive from Northeast Point was stopped at once and a 

 salt house was built at Northeast Point and the seals have been killed 

 there ever since within about 2 miles of the hauling grounds. 



In 1874 or 1875 the seals were killed within a mile of the hauling 

 grounds at Zapadnie, and the skins have been taken ever since in boats 

 across the bay to the village salt house. In 1879 a salt house was built 

 at Half-way Point, and since then no seals have ever been driven on 

 St. Paul Island more than 2 miles. 



No seals are injured by driving, fur we drive very slow and only when 

 the weather is cool. Once in a while one may be smothered and we 

 skin it and count the skin along with the others. After the cows scat- 

 ter in August they mix with the bachelors and a few will be driven 

 when we drive seals for food, and sometimes one is killed by accident 

 before the clubber knows it is a cow. If I knew that he killed it on 

 purpose I would punish him; and if he did it again I would have him 

 put off the island. 



The pups are born in June and July and they learn to swim in Sep- 

 tember. They can not swim when they are born and 

 ups can no swim. ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ help themsclvcs, and they do not eat or 

 Cow suckles only driuk ouly as they suck the cows. No cow will let 

 i.er own pup. another pup suck her; every cow feeds her own pup. 



The pups leave in November and all seals are gone about the middle 

 f u s ^^ December, except when the weather is very fine, 

 igia ion o pups. ^^^^ Hi^ji ^e oftcu kill scals in January. 



Kakp Buterin. 



Subscribed and sworn to before me, an officer empowered to admin- 

 ister oaths under section 1976 of the Eevised Statutes of the United 

 States, this 9th day of June, 1892, at St. Paul Island, Alaska. 



Wm. H. Williams, 

 Treasury Agent in Charge of Seal Islands. 



Deposition of Carlos G. Callcms, Lieutenant, U. S. Navy. 



PEIBILOF ROOKERIES. 



Carlos G. Calkins, being duly sworn, deposes and saith: I am a lieu- 

 tenant in the U. S. Navy, and have made three cruises 

 Experience. .^^^^ Alaskaii watcrs, as follows, viz, in the year 1890, 



about the Bristol Bay region and the Aleutian Islands as far west as 

 Umnak; in the year 1891, to the Pribilof Islands, in Bering Sea; and 



