TAKEN AMONG THE MAKAH INDIANS. 379 



Subscribed and sworn to before me on this 27th day of April, A. D. 

 1S92. 

 [SEAL.] Clarence P. Brown, 



Notary Puhlic in and for the State of Washinyton. 



Deposition of Landis Calkq)a, MaTcah Indian, sealer. 

 pelagic sealing. 



State of Washington, 



County of Clallam, ss : 



Landis Callapa, being duly sworn, deposes and says: I am about 45 

 years old, and am a native Makali Indian. I reside on 

 the reservation at the Neah Bay Agency, county of Experience. 

 Clallam, State of Washington, TJuited States of Amer- 

 ica, and am, by occupation, a hunter and a fisherman. I hxive been en- 

 gaged in hunting seals all my life, and have always used the spear, and 

 went in canoes. Formerly we went around the cape 

 in canoes, but for the last fifteen years 1 have fre- coast seaimg. 

 quently gone out on small schooners, from 10 to 80 miles around 

 the cape, up and down the coast from 100 to 200 miles. We take 

 our canoes on the vessel and use them after we get to the sealing 

 grounds. On my last sealing cruise this spring we caught five seals"; 

 two of them were females and had pups in them; three of them Avere 

 y<mng and smaller seals and had black whiskers. None but full- 

 grown cow\s have white whiskers, but young cows and young bulls have 

 black whiskers. About half of all the seals captured along the coast 

 have white whiskers, and are cows with pups in them. Most all full- 

 grown cows that are caught have i)ups in them. Once, 

 late in the season, 1 cauglit a full-grown barren cow ^^Mo^stiy pregnant fe- 

 with white whivSkers. I can not distinguish male seals ' . 

 from female at a distance in the water, unless it be an old bull with a 

 long wig. 



I know of no place where seals haul out upon the land to breed on 

 this coast; nor do I think that they give birth to their >x , ,• „ 

 young upon the kelp. Once I killed a cow in milk, the coast. ''^" "^^ °"* "" 

 only one of tlie kind I have ever known being caught None bum on kui p. 

 on the coast. Seals used to be very plentiful around Decrease. 

 the cape and in the Strait of San Juan de Fuca, but 

 they have been rapidly decreasing during the last five or six years. 

 We were out sealing a short time ago and captured but five seals. A 

 few years ago, during the same period of time, we would have caught 

 about sixty. They are wilder now and more difficult to catch, and will 

 soon be destroyed if guns are used in hunting them. 

 Seals appear otf this coast the latter part of December, /^PP^'I'j, "f^ ^"■'*** 

 and are gone by the middle of July. Cows appear to ifer.*^' '''" ° '*''"' 

 leave earlier tlian the younger ones. I scarcely ever 

 see an old bull along the coast, and it is seldom we ever catch one. 



liis 



.^., Landis x Callapa. 



Witness: mark. 



John P. McGlinn. 

 C. E. Gay. 



Subscribed and sworn to before me on this 27th day of April, A. D. 

 1892. 

 [SEAL.] Clarence P. Brown, 



Notary Puhlic in and for the State of Washington. 



