44 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 127 
“Chickamauga” limestone, identified in this belt as Lenoir limestone, overlain 
by a thin bed of impure limestone, the Fetzer tongue of the Arline formation 
abounding in Christiania. The lower bed, like the Athens above it, is often 
leached of its lime, as it is 24 miles southeast of Riceville. The lower shaly- 
fracturing part of the Athens in the type section is succeeded by cobbly-weather- 
ing, silty limestone abounding in trilobites. 
Essentially the same sequence is shown in the superb section along the road 
running parallel to the Hiwassee River, 2 to 3 miles southeast of Charleston. 
Here about 170 feet of silty shale overlies sandy, oolitic beds containing calcare- 
ous lenses and Christiania. These sandy shales contain graptolites and are over- 
lain by calcareo-arenaceous beds strongly suggesting Sevier lithology and grad- 
ing into cobbly-weathering limestone. The cobbly beds abound in trilobites, 
particularly the genus Lonchodomas. These beds are overlain by shaly lime- 
stone and marble containing many fossils. The upper cobbly beds yielded few 
fossils besides the trilobite mentioned, but poor specimens of Christiania and 
Platymena occur very close to the top of the section. 
Traced to the northeast from Athens to Friendsville, the Athens formation 
loses it shaly character in the lower part and becomes more limy. With the 
advent of the line, fossils of the Christiania fauna become increasingly abundant. 
This shift of facies is well exhibited in the neighborhood of Christiansburg on 
the Sweetwater (T.V.A. 131-SW) Quadrangle. Farther north, at Friendsville, 
no trace of the Athens has yet been identified. Southeast of Sweetwater along 
Route 68 the cobbly zone of the Athens is well exposed and contains elements 
of the Christiania fauna of the Arline limestone. Thus, followed northeast along 
the strike from Athens, the Athens formation passes from cobbly and shaly beds 
to wholly limestone of the Arline formation. Outside of this belt rocks called 
Athens have different characters, black shale or black limestone, and actually 
generally represent only a part of the type Athens to the east but include more 
than that formation where the so-called Athens overlies the Arline formation. 
To these manifestations of the Athens or post-Athens outside of the Athens belt 
other names are here applied. 
Correlation and fossils of Athens formation—lIn the vicinity of Athens and 
as far south as the Hiwassee River the leached rock at the base of the Athens 
yields an interesting fauna of brachiopods. Those taken from this part of the 
Athens and the rest of the formation follow: 
Apatomorpha pulchella (Raymond) L. tennesseensis Ulrich and Cooper 
Atelelasma dorsoconvexum Cooper Orthambonites rotundiformis Cooper 
Christiania subquadrata Hall Paurorthis sp. 1 
Glyptorthis sp. 5 Schizotreta posteroconvexa Cooper 
Isophragma ricevillensis Cooper Titanambonites amplus (Raymond) 
Leptellina subcarinata Cooper T. medius Cooper 
Athens shale of Georgia.—This is a thinned representative of the Paperville 
formation of Cooper and Cooper (see below). 
Athens shale of Alabama.—This is generally a papery black shale, in places 
abounding in graptolites. It is here termed by Cooper and Cooper the Colum- 
