PART I CHAZYAN AND RELATED BRACHIOPODS—COOPER 75 
tween Little Oak limestone and the black Columbiana shale. At Pratt Ferry 
only the Columbiana black shale is present, except for the upper 20 feet of the 
“Lenoir,” which contains Little Oak fossils and the thin Pratt Ferry formation. 
Brachiopods are abundant in the Little Oak formation: 
Atelelasma sp. Opikina sp. 4 
Bimuria buttsi Cooper Orthambonites buttsi (Schuchert and Cooper) 
Christiama subquadrata (Hall) O. mostellerensis Cooper 
Dactylogonia geniculata Ulrich and Cooper  O. tennesseensis Cooper 
D. obsoleta (Butts) Oxoplecia gibbosa Cooper 
Eremotoechia alabainensis Cooper Paurorthis fasciculata Cooper 
Glyptorthis concinnula Cooper Plectorthis australis Cooper 
Glyptorthis sp. 3 Polytoechia ? oakensis Butts 
Isophragma extensum Cooper Productorthis americana Cooper 
I. sulcatum Cooper Skenidioides platys Cooper 
Laticrura heteropleura Cooper Sowerbyella varicostellata Cooper 
Leptellina delicatula (Butts) Taphrorthis emarginata Cooper 
L. tennesseensis Ulrich and Cooper Titanambonites amplus (Raymond) 
Lingulella sp. 3 T. convexus Cooper 
Macrocoelia ornata Cooper Titanambonites sp. 1 
Multicostella fasciculata (Butts) Valcourea ventro-carinata (Butts) 
Murinella sp. 3 Zygospira ? matutina Cooper 
Correlation of Little Oak formation——This fauna was originally thought to 
be related to the Oranda fauna (=Upper Chambersburg), but later Ulrich 
(1930, p. 59) revised his views and stated that the Little Oak fauna is unlike 
any other Blount fauna except that of the Holston marble. According to Ulrich 
the fauna has a general resemblance to that of the upper Lenoir and through 
that fauna with the middle Chazy of the Champlain Valley. In his correlation 
chart Ulrich (1930, p. 73) places the Little Oak on top of the Blount group 
but under the Lowville. 
The Little Oak fauna is actually almost identical generically with that of the 
Arline formation which is the cobbly limestone equivalent of the Athens forma- 
tion (=Columbiana) of Tennessee. The rare genus Eremotoechia is known 
only from these two formations and the Pratt Ferry formation, which is also 
a manifestation of the Little Oak (see below). The Little Oak, like the Arline, 
is also correlated with the Stinchar-Balclatchie limestones of the Girvan district 
of Scotland. The Little Oak is also correlated with the Effna formation and the 
Lower Edinburg formation of Virginia. The Little Oak appears to be equivalent 
to the graptolitic Columbiana shale which contains Nemagraptus. 
It is important here to state the conditions involving the Little Oak formation 
at Pratt Ferry. At this place Lenoir, with big Maclurites, is overlain by 20 feet 
of massive limestone that weathers with a white crust. Christiania is abundant 
in this limestone together with Titanambonites and Isophragma, all Arline- 
Little Oak fossils. This bed must be separated from the Lenoir with which it 
has been mapped. The Pratt Ferry formation overlies the Christiania bed and 
is thus within the Little Oak. It is overlain by Columbiana shale with 
Nemagraptus. 
Long Savannah formation.—In belts northwest of the White Oak Moun- 
