236 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 127 
Holotype.—78667. 
Horizon and locality—Fernvale formation, Clifton, Tenn. 
LINGULOPS NORWOODI (James) 
Plate 23, A, figures 1-3; plate 23, B, figure 4 
For complete synonymy see Bassler, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 92, p. 741, 1915. 
Figures of this species are introduced to show a form with more modest de- 
velopment of the platform in the brachial valve. The figures also show speci- 
mens of the same species with varying development of this species. Compare 
all with Elliptoglossa. 
Figured specimens.—15863a, 45219a,b. 
Horizon and locality Upper part Trenton formation, Ludlow and West Cov- 
ington, Ky. 
Family PATERULIDAE Cooper, new family 
Subcircular to elliptical, corneous shells, lenticular in profile; sides with flat- 
tened rim; pedicle valve with pedicle notch or shallow pedicle groove. 
This family consists mainly of small, scalelike shells which although common 
enough from the Ordovician through the Devonian, are very poorly understood. 
In some places these shells occur in countless numbers. They are so unlike 
brachiopods in some respects that one of the genera was suggested to be a 
gastropod (Sardeson, 1931, p. 353). However, specimens of Craniops are 
known, and one is illustrated herein, with both valves in contact showing that 
the genus is really a bivalved form and by its symmetry and musculature is 
undoubtedly a brachiopod. The genus Paterula commonly occurs in black shales 
or in limestones associated with black shale. Elliptoglossa is less well known, 
but it too occurs in black shale or in bituminous limestones. Craniops, on the 
other hand, is a common associate of normal shelly faunas. 
Genus PATERULA Barrande, 1879 
Paterula BARRANDE, Syst. Sil. Centre Boheme, vol. 5, p. 110, 1870. 
Paterula Barrande, Davipson, General summary to British fossil Brachiopoda, p. 391, 1884. 
Paterula Barrande, HALL and CLarkE, Pal. New York, vol. 8, pt. 1, p. 78, 1893. 
Shell minute, polished brown, cream yellow or black, inequivalved, the brachial 
valve having the greater depth; subcircular to oval in outline. Pedicle valve flat 
to gently convex in profile; brachial valve moderately to strongly convex. Sur- 
face ornamented by concentric lines and undulations of growth. 
Inside of both valves provided with a more or less wide, flattened border like 
that of Elliptoglossa and an inner narrowly elevated border surrounding the vis- 
ceral cavity. Pedicle valve with a posterior pedicle groove and notch; brachial 
valve with margin unnotched. Inside the pedicle valve 2 slightly divergent im- 
pressed lines extend from a point just anterior to the pedicle notch anteriorly to 
about the middle of the valve. These lines terminate on each side of a large, round 
muscle scar. Anterior to the circular scar numerous pallial impressions radiate 
anteriorly, anterolaterally and laterally. Small scars occur on the anterolateral 
