28 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I28 



dorsally and slightly depressed, radial ventrally ; beginning in the third 

 whorl the chambers are subdivided by partial secondary septa coming 

 in from the outer wall, at first only as minor projections, but in the 

 later chambers becoming almost complete partitions, secondary septa 

 also thickened and perpendicular to outer wall, not oblique dorsally as 

 are the true septa, secondary septa not visible dorsally except when 

 specimen is dampened, but slightly depressed on the ventral side of the 

 free specimens (fig. lob), the earlier chambers having only two or 

 three of these secondary septa, but after the third whorl they increase 

 in number per chamber as the chambers increase in relative length, 

 leaving the chamberlets all of approximately equal size, and thus there 

 may be as many as 1 5 subdivisions in the later chambers ; wall thin, 

 composed of calcareous spicules (secreted by the protoplasm) fre- 

 quently aligned parallel to the periphery of the test, embedded in a cal- 

 careous areolated ground mass ; aperture not observed in attached 

 specimens, ventral in free specimens. 



Types. — The holotype of Carter was from the Recent, East Oceania, 

 Pacific Ocean. A prolonged search in the British Museum in London 

 produced no trace of the type specimen. A specimen was found in the 

 M.N.H.N., Paris, mounted on a slide of Carter's, and apparently sent 

 by him to a French colleague. This specimen is here figured (fig. 9) 

 and is from Bass Rock, Ceylon. The slide has the number 26.9.79, 

 thus giving the date of identification as 2 years after the original 

 description. The specimen from the Recent at Port Gaura, Philippines 

 (figs. loa-c) is in the U.S.N.M. (No. P 2201). 



Discussion. — This genus, like many others, seems to have been 

 better understood by Brady than by many later workers. Originally 

 monotypic, only the species Rotalia spiculotesta Carter was known by 

 Brady. Both Carter's original definition (1877b) and that of Brady 

 clearly state that the wall is composed of numerous fusiform calcareous 

 spicules, with interstitial material calcareous and areolated. Carter 

 mentioned that the spicules increase in size from the most minute of 

 the early chambers to attain a maximum size in the third whorl, 

 beyond which they do not increase further. 



Brady stated further that "it is obvious that the presence of 

 spicula, not collected from external sources for the construction of the 

 test, but proper to the animal itself, is a character of more than specific 

 significance." It was thus on the basis of the secreted calcareous 

 spicules that he separated Carterina as a genus distinct from Rotalia. 



Later authors apparently lost sight of this and assigned the genus 

 to the Trochamminidae (Flint, 1899, p. 260; Galloway, 1933, p. 183; 



