2 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. I28 



Second Norwegian Arctic Expedition in the Fram (1898-1902) went 

 from northern Norway through the Barents Sea, the Kara Sea (be- 

 tween Novaya Zemlya and Russia), the Laptev Sea, and to the east 

 around west Spitsbergen. Between 1879 and 1900 there were various 

 Swedish expeditions to east Greenland and other regions. The Plank- 

 ton Expedition of 1903 included the waters of Iceland. The Russians 

 sent an expedition to Spitsbergen, and the Bremer Expedition of 1889 

 also explored around east Spitsbergen, the Kola Fjord, and the south- 

 west parts of the Barents Sea. The Danish expeditions of 1906-08 

 did work along the northeast coast of Greenland. The Norwegian 

 North Polar Expedition in the Maud from 1918 to 1925 wintered 

 three times on the Siberian coast on their way to Alaska, spent two 

 years drifting from Wrangell Island to the north of the New Siberian 

 Islands, wintered at the Bear Islands at the mouth of the Kolima, 

 and then went to Nome. The Godthaab Expedition did work along 

 the west coast of Greenland in 1928, and there were Danish investiga- 

 tions in the Faroes between 1924 and 1927. Various Danish expedi- 

 tions worked rather intensively along the east coast of Greenland 

 from 1929 to 1933, in some instances leaving investigators over 

 winter. 



Nothing comparable to the work done along the coast of Green- 

 land, Iceland, and the Faroes has been done in the American Arctic. 

 The fauna of northeastern Arctic Canada is better known than that 

 of Arctic Alaska or the western Canadian Arctic. Some work has 

 been done in the American Archipelago, and at present the Canadians 

 are carrying on investigations. Recently Dr. M. J. Dunbar has made 

 excellent contributions from Ungava Bay and other waters in that 

 region. 



Lt. Ernest Belcher, on the voyage of the Beechey in 1825-28, did 

 some collecting as far north as Icy Cape, but the majority of his work 

 was south of Bering Strait. The Vega expedition did some work in 

 the Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea, 

 Bering Strait, and Bering Sea. Lt. P. H. Ray and his party were 

 stationed at Point Barrow and vicinity in 1881-83 (the Interna- 

 tional Polar Expedition to Point Barrow), but their work was largely 

 meteorological and they lacked proper facilities for collecting. This 

 is borne out by the fact that they collected only 180 species of animals. 

 The Canadian Arctic Expedition of 1913-18 did very little work 

 north of western Canada and Alaska. Of the various voyages and 

 expeditions that visited Arctic Alaskan waters (such as the Resolution 

 and Discovery under James Cook, the Scniavine under Liitke, and the 

 Vincennes under Rogers) probably the most important from the 



