90 Mr. H. F. Witherby on Birds from 
bird is most like C. c. rufiventris from Palestine, but is larger 
and redder on the breast, flanks, and belly. It is curious 
that these two forms, so much alike, should be found im 
regions of about the same latitude, but separated from each 
other by a desert, and that they should be replaced in the 
north by a darker form. The fact inclines me to suggest 
that they were evolved imdependently of one another from 
the northern form. 
CINCLUS CINcLUs caucasicus Mad. 
Cinclus aquaticus Bechst., var. cashmniriensis Gould; 
[B. 213]. 
Cinclus rufiventris (nec H. & E.); Buturlin, [bis, 1906, 
p. 414. 
2. Diza, June 16, alt. 6500 ft. 
@?. July 8, near Erzerum, alt. 7000 ft. 
S [juv.]. July 25, Sumela, alt. 1500 ft. 
This form of the Dipper is a connecting-link between the 
red-bellied C. c. rufiventris and the uniformly brownish-black 
breasted C. c. cashmiriensis. Specimens from Western Asia 
Minor tend to become less dark on the belly than those from 
the Caucasus, but they are never reddish-brown as are 
C. c. rufiventris and C. c. persicus. 
Cortte riparia (L.). [B. 216; W. 553.] 
3 3. May 27, Kermanshah. 
“Seen on most of the more sluggish streams where there 
were banks suitable for nesting.”—R. B. W. 
CotiLE RuPESTRIS (Scop.). [B. 216; W. 553.] 
6 2. June 22, Lake Van. 
“Seen here and there throughout the journey, but never 
numerously.”—R. B. W. 
Pycnonotus LEucorTis (Gould). [B. 218; W. 552.] 
6. April 3, Ram Hormuz. 
Orrotus GAtBuLa L. [B. 219; *W. 519.] 
9. June 27, Lake Van. 
dg. July 10, Tortum River. 
