Letters, Announcements, Notes, &c. 651 
Swan at all, though I am by no means quite sure that 
Mr. Alphéraky (‘Geese &e., London, 1905, p. 13) is right in 
considering it to be only a Snow-Goose. But the bird called 
“ Cygnus davidi” by Messrs. Giglioli and Salvadori (P. Z. 8. 
1887, p. 589) has nothing to do with Swinhoe’s bird, and 
is a Swan, which can be readily distinguished from our 
common C. bewicki as a larger eastern race of that bird. 
Indeed in 1904 it was actually described and named ‘ Cygnus 
bewicki jankowskii” by Mr. 8. N. Alphéraky, in a Russian 
Sporting Periodical [‘ Nature and Sport’ (Priroda i Okhota), 
Sept., p. 10], from some heads sent to that naturalist from 
Ussuri-land by Mr. Jankowski. Mr. Alphéraky mentions 
only its generally larger size, especially its stouter bill. 
I brought from my trip to Kolyma, N.E. Siberia, in 1905, 
fifteen adults of this Swan, besides some young ones and 
chicks, in complete skins, and as many heads in spirits. 
This material I compared with types of Mr. Alphéraky and 
with all the specimens in the St. Petersburg Academical 
Museum, together amounting to about 70 examples of 
C. jankowskii, 15 of C. bewicki, and 30 of C. musicus. 
C. musicus is always distinguishable not only by the 
colouring of the bill, but also by the wing being longer than 
560 mm., and by the middle toe with the claw being longer 
than 147 mm. All the other dimensions in smaller specimens 
of C. musicus (though quite adult) and in larger specimens 
of C. yankowskii merge into one other. C. musicus seems 
not to visit arctic lands at all, at least in Siberia, the 
northernmost specimens being from Verkhne-Kolymsk 
(about 65° 44’ N.) and Anadyr. 
C. jankowskit breeds in the tundras of Eastern Siberia 
from the Lena Delta eastwards ; some of the Lena specimens, 
and even a specimen from Monjero (a tributary of the 
Khatanga), are true C. jankowskii, others are undoubtedly 
C. bewicki. During migration it is met with as far to the 
west as Dzungaria. It is altogether larger than C. bewicki, 
while the yellow of the bill is somewhat more developed, but 
the best diagnostic character is its much broader bill. Fully 
adult examples of C. bewicki have the maximum breadth of 
