54 BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 
BOUTAN’S SECOND APPARATUS (1896). 
This apparatus (fig. 4) consisted of a metal camera, not inclosed in a box, 
but intended to be immersed directly in sea water. The sea water could enter 
and fill the interior of the camera so that it bathed both the front and back faces of 
the lens as well as the plates. The latter were contained in a holder which could 
be attached to the camera after it was submerged. Thus the plates could be 
changed under water without any risk of fogging them. Sea water was found to 
have little effect on the plates unless its action was prolonged, and this effect could 
be wholly prevented by using plates that had been varnished, 
The lens used with this apparatus 
was one intended for use in air, and it 
was found that good results could not 
be obtained with it when immersed in 
water. The success of such an appa- 
ratus as this must depend on having a 
lens especially ground for use under 
water. No lens of this sort existed and 
to have one calculated and made would 
have been expensive. For this reason 
and for others which he mentions 
Boutan abandoned this apparatus after 
trying it for a single season. He says, 
“The principle is certainly good, and, 
in spite of the failure that I have made 
in the application of it, the future of 
submarine photographic apparatus may 
lie there.” 
ROUTAN’S THIRD APPARATUS (1898). 
As a result of the failure of his 
second, Boutan adopted a third appa- 
Fic. 4.—Boutan’s second apparatus, B, camera box into 
which the water could penetrate freely; m, handle control- : : es 
ling the plate holder; m’, handle controlling the shutter; ratus, which was in principle a return 
bjeetive; V, sight. (Copy g. 2in Boutan, 1898. » . . 
O, objective; V, sight. (Copy of fix in Boutan, 1 ) to the first. This third apparatus, 
designed for instantaneous work, consisted of a heavy metal box, shown at the center 
infieure 5. To it are attached four adjustable legs. The box, whichis water tight, 
contains the objective and the plates. It is itself the camera and does not therefore 
contain within it a camera, to be lifted out and put back. The lens is a Darlot 
symmetrical-anastigmatice of excellent quality. At the front is an opening (O) 
closed by a plate of glass, through which the light enters the lens. There are no 
finders and consequently no openings closed by glass plates, with the exception 
of that for the lens. At the top, in front, is a handle by means of which the shutter 
may be operated. About the center of the box is clamped a band-iron frame with 
a ring at the top by means of which the box may be attached to a rope for lifting 
it in and out of the boat. At the back is a cover which may be fastened by means 
