PHOTOGRAPHY OF AQUATIC ANIMALS. 65 
he is inclined to believe that probably all the photographic work that it is desirable 
to do there may be done without the use of a diver’s suit. The occasions on which 
such a suit is really necessary for work in either fresh or salt water are probably 
extremely rare. 
If the objects to be photographed are motionless, or nearly so, time exposures 
may be made with this apparatus by suitably adjusting the camera before placing 
it in the box. For this use it is desirable to add to the box a third rod working 
through a stuffing box and so placed that by means of it the shutter may be released 
independently. of the mirror. 
Two photographs made by the method ‘Kate described are reproduced on plate 
um. In figure 1, plate 1, a butterfly-fish (Chetodon capistratus) with a stripe through 
the eye and an eye-like spot on the tail is seen over a flat expanse of coral ( Meandrina) 
and at the base of a large, branching gorgonian. The photograph was taken while 
the fish was in rapid movement. The expanded polyps may be seen on the gorgo- 
nian just above the fish and elsewhere. Figure 2, plate 1, shows a group of parrot 
fishes, of at least three species, and several surgeons against a background of branch- 
ing gorgonians on a ledge of rock. Near the center is a blue and yellow striped 
grunt, Hemulon flavolineatum. At the left of this is a blue parrot-fish, Callyodon 
ceuleus. At the right of the grunt is a green parrot-fish, Callyodon vetula, about 
18 inches long. Beneath the green parrot is a mottled parrot-fish (Sparisoma ?). 
Above the grunt is a second mottled parrot and to the left of this a third. At 
the extreme left are two surgeons, Hepatus hepatus; a third is seen below the green 
parrot. Above the green parrot, in the background, is a purple sea fan, Rhipi- 
doglossa. In most of the fish the details of the markings and the outlines of the 
scales are clearly seen. 
These photographs were taken in water about 4 feet deep with a Goerz II. B. 
Jens at a speed of f 5. The exposure was ; second with Seeds P. orthochro- 
matic plate and a no. 3 graphic color screen. The plates were fully timed and 
were developed rapidly with a strong pyro developer. 
The apparatus used by the writer was experimental only and was meant 
for temporary use. It is easy to suggest improvements, the greatest of which 
would be a magazine plate holder for at least twelve plates and capable of being 
operated from outside the box which incloses the camera. There appears to be no 
such holder on the market. Magazine holders provided with a bag can not be 
used even though the leather bag of the plate holder be covered with a rubber bag 
so attached to the box inclesing. the camera that the water can not enter, for the 
pressure of the water is such that even when the box is but partly immersed the 
rubber bag is forced into the box through the opening to which it is attached and 
the holder can not then be manipulated. This difficulty would be increased if an 
attempt were made to use the apparatus at a greater depth. What is needed is a 
magazine plate holder that presents a rigid exterior everywhere and that may be 
operated from the outside of the box by means of rods passing to the inside through 
stuffing boxes. 
The box can be improved by reducing to its lowest limit the number of screws 
used to fasten the cover, for if but one or two screws had to be loosened to open the 
box much time would be saved in changing plates. 
