FISHES OF THE PHILIPPINES. 253 
as Leiognathus dusswmieri are also of this species. The Leiognathus dusswmieri of Evermann & Seale, 
which has the “spine-shaped crest on nuchal region not reaching halfway to base of first dorsal spine,” 
is evidently not this species, but probably Leiognathus coma. 
94. Leiognathus caballa (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 
Equula caballa Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss., x, 73, 1835; Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Giinther, Cat. Fishes, 
TI, 499, 1860. 
(?)Scomber equula Forskal, Descr. Animal., 58, 1775; Red Sea. 
Totah-Karah, Russell, Fishes Coromandel, pl. 62, 1803. 
Leiognathus dussumieri, Jordan & Seale, Bul. U. S. Fish Comm., xxv1, 1906, Cavite, P. I. (in part only, some of the 
specimens being L. ensifera; not Equula dussumieri of Cuvier & Valenciennes, or of Giinther, or of Evermann & Seale). 
Leiognathus edentulus, Evermann & Seale, Bul. U. S. Fish Comm., xxv1, 1906, 69; San Fabian, P. I. (not at all certainly the 
Scomber edentulus of Bloch). 
Depth 1.66 (2.16 to 2.25 in total length); head 3 (3.66 to 3.75 in total length); nose longer and less 
deep than in L. ensifera, about 1.2 times eye; eye 3.1 in head; nuchal spine strongly curved, and the 
profile prominently concave in front of its base; length of the median nuchal ridge fully 1.5 times eye, 
the tip of the spine reaching considerably more than halfway to base of first dorsal spine; supraocular 
ridges nearly straight, or slightly divergent posteriorly; lower outline of mandible very strongly concave, 
lower margin of preopercle scarcely serrated; teeth minute; second dorsal spine broad and sharp-edged 
anteriorly, its length about 1.4 in head; ventral spine .75 of length of second anal spine; pectoral 1.25 
in head; scales smaller than in L. ensifera, about 32 series in front of spinous dorsal; color in spirits 
silvery, bluish above; dorsal and caudal faintly edged with dusky; axil of pectoral blackish; sides of 
muzzle weakly punctulated with blackish. In life the anal fin is washed with chrome yellow. 
This species may be known by its long head, very deep body, highly arched back and deeply 
concave profile, and its strongly concave mandibular outline. It is well described by Cuvier & 
Valenciennes. Our specimens, ranging in size up to 5.50 inches, give the head measurement as 
stated by the authors of the Histoire Naturelle de Poissons and quoted with interrogation by Doctor 
Giinther. Specimens of L. ensiferus and L. coma invariably have the head distinctly shorter. It is 
likely that Forskal’s Scomber equula, “5 poll. long, 3 poll. latwm; labium—inferius curvwm, retusum,”? is 
this species, and that the name equula should replace caballa. 
We have two examples, 4.50 inches long, from Manila; one from Iloilo, 2.50 inches, and one from 
Aparri, 2.50 inches. Three specimens from Cavite, 1.50 to 5.50 inches long, recorded by Jordan & 
Seale as Leiognathus dussumieri, belong to this species; as also one from Keerun, Formosa, 2.50 inches 
long, from among specimens recorded by Jordan & Evermann as Leiognathus splendens; and one of the 
same size from southern Negros, recorded by Jordan & Seale under the latter name. 
95. Leiognathus coma (Cuvier & Valenciennes). 
Komah-Karah, Russell, Fishes Coromandel, pl. 63. 
Equula coma Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss , X, 76, 1835 (after Russell). 
Leiognathus dussumieri, Evermann & Seale, Bul. U. S. Fish Comm., Xxv1, 1906, 67; San Fabian, P. 1. (not Equula dussu- 
mieri of Cuvier & Valenciennes or of Giinther). 
(2)Scomber edentulus Bloch, Ichth., pl. 428, 1785; Tranquebar. 
Depth 1.9 (2.45 in total length); head 3.2 (4 in total length); nose 1.2 times eye, noticeably less 
deep than in L. caballa; eye 3.3; nuchal spine short and somewhat curved, its length not greater than 
eye, the tip of the spine reaching less than halfway from the base of its median ridge to the base of 
the first dorsal spine; supraocular ridges convergent posteriorly; mandibular outline slightly less con- 
eave than in L. caballa; lower margin of preopercle strongly serrate; teeth distinct; second dorsal 
spine longer than head; second anal spine 1.4 in head; ventral spine .6 of second anal spine; pectoral 
pointed, 1.3 in head; scales very small, about 35 series in front of origin of spinous dorsal; color as in 
L. caballa, but with the sides and front of muzzle with more black, and with 6 or 8 indistinct trans- 
verse bands of dusky between lateral line and dorsal outline. 
We have little doubt that our specimens, one from Hoilo and two from Manila, 3 inches long, are 
the Komah-Karah of Russell. They differ from those that we have called L. caballa in their distinctly 
more slender body, slightly smaller scales, slightly less concave profile and mandibular outline, and 
much shorter nuchal ridge. The shortness of the nuchal ridge alone will separate them at once from 
Leiognathus ensiferus, caballa, splendens, and fasciatus, the two last species being, however, well 
enough distinguished by other characters. In form Leiognathus coma very much resembles L. nuchalis, 
which approaches L. coma in the shortness of its nuchal spine. But L. nuchalis is easily separated 
